hypertension and high blood pressure

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	A condition in which blood pressure is consistently above the normal range. Individuals with hypertension have a great risk of developing AF.

	Heart Is Focus for Hypertension Meeting NEW YORK CITY (MedPage Today) -- Hypertension specialists will take a closer look at the connection between high blood pressure and the cardiovascular system at this year's meeting of the American Society of Hypertension here, according to the chair of the scientific program committee. (Source: MedPage Today Geriatrics)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in adult type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the Malaysian diabetes registry 2009 Conclusions: Major independent determinants of uncontrolled BP in our group of T2D patients were Malay ethnicity, older age, recent diagnosis of diabetes, overweight and follow-up at health clinics without a doctor and possibly the improper use of anti hypertensive agent. More effort, education and resources, especially in the primary health care centres are needed to improve hypertensive care among our patients with diabetes. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology) Aggressive Blood Pressure?Lowering Therapy Guided by Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Improves Target Organ Damage in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes/Prediabetes J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:00?00. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors tested the hypothesis that an aggressive antihypertensive treatment is beneficial in protecting against target organ damage (TOD) in patients with type 2 diabetes/prediabetes. The authors enrolled 60 patients with uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes/prediabetes and performed clinic, home, and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Irbesartan, amlodipine, and indapamide were used according to a titration schedule from step 1 to 5 for target home BP level ?125/75?mm?Hg. The flow?mediated vasodilation (FMD), radial augmentation index (AI), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and urinary albumin excretion ratio (UACR), as a surrogate marker of TOD, were measured at baseline and 6 months. Compared wit... Are Sleep Symptoms Predictors of Resistant Hypertension in a Population?Based Sample? Findings From the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:000?000. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The aim of this study was to test the association of self?reported sleep symptoms to those identified with severe hypertension in a nationally representative sample of adults. Self?reported and study?measured health and sleep characteristics were collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008. Of 10,526 individuals with completed sleep surveys participating in the study, the authors identified 379 patients with severe hypertension defined as those treated with ?3 antihypertensive medications including a diuretic; 110 of these had resistant hypertension (RHTN) despite therapy, while 269 were controlled for severe hypertension (CSHTN). Patients with RHTN were m... Treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension with 23.4% saline in children with severe traumatic brain injury Abstract: The safety and efficacy of osmotic therapy with mannitol and 3% saline in the pediatric head-injured population has been widely reported; the use of 23.4% saline in children for the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension has not. The clinical and physiologic responses of multiple 23.4% saline boluses in two children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are presented. No complications were associated with the use of 23.4% saline in either patient. (Source: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia) Africa: High Blood Pressure, Diabetes Are Global Health Threats [State Department] Washington - The urgency of noncommunicable diseases as a cause of illness and death worldwide gained further credence May 16 with the latest release of global health statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Fibrates: Therapeutic potential for diabetic nephropathy? Authors: Kouroumichakis I, Papanas N, Zarogoulidis P, Liakopoulos V, Maltezos E, Mikhailidis DP Abstract Despite intensive glucose-lowering treatment and advanced therapies for cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus with its macro- and microvascular complications remains a major health problem. Especially diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is increasing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? (PPAR-?), a member of a large nuclear receptor superfamily, is expressed in several tissues including the kidney. Recently, experimental data have suggested that PPAR-? activation plays a pivotal role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory and vascular... BP Meds No Help Against Colorectal Cancer (CME/CE) (MedPage Today) -- Long-term use of common beta blocker drugs to combat high blood pressure does not decrease the risk of developing colorectal cancer, a large population-based study found. (Source: MedPage Today Primary Care) Distribution of Urocortins and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in the Cardiovascular System Urocortins are human homologues of urotensin I, a fish corticotropin-releasing-factor- (CRF-) like peptide secreted from the urophysis. There are three urocortins: urocortin 1, urocortin 2, and urocortin 3 in mammals. We have shown that urocortin 1 and urocortin 3 are endogenously synthesized in the myocardial cells of human heart and may act on CRF type 2 receptor (CRFR2) expressed in the heart. Expression levels of urocortin 1 in the heart and plasma urocortin 1 levels are elevated in patients with heart failure. Recent studies have shown that urocortins have various biological actions in the cardiovascular system, such as a vasodilator action, a positive inotropic action, a cardioprotective action against ischemia/reperfusion injury, and suppressive actions against the renin angiotensin... Ciclosporin: Renal toxicity, hypertension and hypertrichosis: case report (Source: Reactions) Depression and anxiety are associated with a diagnosis of hypertension 5 years later in a cohort of late middle-aged men and women Authors: A T Ginty, D Carroll, T J Roseboom, A C Phillips & S R de Rooij (Source: Journal of Human Hypertension)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> The impact of cardiopulmonary manifestations on the mortality of SSc: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Conclusion. Meta-analysis of observational studies indicates a trend for improvement over the last decades in which the life expectancy of SSc patients approaches that of the general population. A decreasing tendency in the survival differences between the limited and diffuse SSc subgroups was also verified. Internal organ involvements have similarly unfavourable predictive impact on survival. (Source: Rheumatology) Predictive value of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 G?1639A and C1173T single nucleotide polymorphisms in retinal vein occlusion Conclusion:? It was found that subjects with the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 GG and CC genotypes had a higher risk of retinal vein occlusion. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology) Clinical Quality Performance in U.S. Health Centers ConclusionsHealth centers provide quality care at rates comparable to national averages. Performance may be improved by increasing insurance coverage among patients and increasing the ratios of physicians and enabling service providers to patients. (Source: Health Services Research) Comparative effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers on laboratory parameters in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes Conclusions: Our study suggested that hematological adverse effects and electrolyte imbalance are greater with ARB monotherapy than with CCB monotherapy. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology) Effect of beta-1-blocker, nebivolol, on central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension Conclusion: Nebivolol 5 mg demonstrated antihypertensive efficacy in patients with essential hypertension by reducing not only peripheral brachial pressures, but also significantly reducing central aortic pressures, augmentation index, and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, which is the marker of arterial stiffness. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> The window hypothesis: haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic effects of {beta}-blockers improve survival of patients with cirrhosis during a window in the disease Background Cirrhosis is one of the most frequent and severe chronic diseases worldwide. In the initial stages it has few or no symptoms, but advanced stages of cirrhosis are characterised by reduced liver function, complications due to portal hypertension and neuroendocrine abnormalities with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-aldosterone axis. The prognosis is severe, with an increasing frequency of complications including variceal bleeding, ascites and spontaneous infections with subsequent development of hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome. More than one-third of patients diagnosed with cirrhosis develop oesophageal varices within 3 years after the diagnosis is made. Varices develop and later bleed when the portal pressure is increased ... Progress report on the first sub-Saharan trial of newer versus older antihypertensive drugs in native black patients Background: The epidemic surge in hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa is not matched by clinical trials ofantihypertensive agents in Black patients recruited in this area of the world. We mounted theNewer versus Older Antihypertensive agents in African Hypertensive patients (NOAAH) trialto compare, in native African patients, a single-pill combination of newer drugs, notinvolving a diuretic, with a combination of older drugs including a diuretic. Methods: Patients aged 30 to 69 years with uncomplicated hypertension (140 to 179/90 to 109 mmHg)and [less than or equal to]2 associated risk factors are eligible. After a four week run-in period off treatment, 180patients have to be randomized to once daily bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide 5/6.25 mg (R) oramlodipine/valsartan 5/160 mg (E). To attain... Maternal Deaths Drop By Nearly Half The statistics have remained staggering: every two minutes, a woman dies of pregnancy and child birth-related complications caused primarily by severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure and unsafe abortions. (Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health) Retraction Notice Syncope in Adults With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 59 (2011) 863?7. Rachel J. Le, MD, Eric R. Fenstad, MD, Hilal Maradit-Kremers, MD, Robert B. McCully, MD, Robert P. Frantz, MD, Michael D. McGoon, MD, Garvan C. Kane, MD, PhD. (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology) Palpitations are predictive of future atrial fibrillation A large cohort study has found that the strongest risk factors for atrial fibrillation in both men and women were a history of palpitations and hypertension.(1) While hypertension is a well known risk factor for AF, the investigators note that "the impact of self-reported palpitations on later occurrence of AF has not been documented earlier". Read full article Topics: Atrial Fibrillation (Source: European Society of Cardiology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Health Highlights: May 16, 2012 Only 1 in 4 Sunscreens Effective and Safe: Report Sharp Drop in Maternal Deaths: U.N. One-Third of Adults Worldwide Have High Blood Pressure: WHO (Source: Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge) Meta-Analysis of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Associated with the Use of Insulin Glargine versus NPH Insulin during Pregnancy As glargine, an analog of human insulin, is increasingly used during pregnancy, a meta-analysis assessed its safety in this population. A systematic literature search identified studies of gestational or pregestational diabetes comparing use of insulin glargine with human NPH insulin, with at least 15 women in both arms. Data was extracted for maternal outcomes (weight at delivery, weight gain, 1st/3rd trimester HbA1c, severe hypoglycemia, gestation/new-onset hypertension, preeclampsia, and cesarean section) and neonatal outcomes (congenital malformations, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, macrosomia, LGA, 5 minute Apgar score >7, NICU admissions, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia). Relative risk ratios and weighted mean differenc... The Relationship between Insufficient Sleep and Self-Rated Health in a Nationally Representative Sample We examined participants >18 years of age (n=377, 160) from a representative, cross-sectional survey (2008 BRFSS). Self-reported insufficient sleep in the previous 30 days was categorized into six groups. The outcome was poor SRH. We calculated odds ratios ((OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of increasing categories of insufficient rest/sleep, taking zero days of insufficient sleep as the referent category. We found a positive association between increasing categories of insufficient sleep and poor SRH, independent of relevant covariates. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared to 0 days insufficient sleep, the OR (95% CI) of poor SRH was 1.03 (0.97–1.10) for 1–6 days, 1.45 (1.34–1.57) for 7–13 days, 2.12 (1.97–2.27) for 14–20 days, 2.32 (2.09... Multiple Pappenheimer bodies after splenectomy We report on a 49?year?old man dialyzed for renal insufficiency. Past medical history included chronic alcohol abuse leading to severe complications such liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and diabetes. He had been splenectomized one year before.© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S (Source: European Journal of Haematology) Review of the genus Ipomoea: traditional uses, chemistry and biological activities Approximately 600-700 species of Ipomoea, Convolvulaceae, are found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Several of those species have been used as ornamental plants, food, medicines or in religious ritual. The present work reviews the traditional uses, chemistry and biological activities of Ipomoea species and illustrates the potential of the genus as a source of therapeutic agents. These species are used in different parts of the world for the treatment of several diseases, such as, diabetes, hypertension, dysentery, constipation, fatigue, arthritis, rheumatism, hydrocephaly, meningitis, kidney ailments and inflammations. Some of these species showed antimicrobial, analgesic, spasmolitic, spasmogenic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, psych...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Sexual dimorphism in rodent models of hypertension and atherosclerosis AbstractApproximately one third of all deaths are attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD), making it the biggest killer worldwide. Despite a number of therapeutic options available, the burden of CVD morbidity continues to grow indicating the need for continued research to address this unmet need. In this respect investigation of the mechanisms underlying the protection that pre?menopausal females enjoy from cardiovascular?related disease and mortality is of interest. In this review we discuss the essential role that rodent animal models play in enabling this field of research. In particular we focus our discussion on models of hypertension and atherosclerosis.© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society (Source: British Journal of... Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure, Even With Family History Title: Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure, Even With Family HistoryCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/15/2012 4:05:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 5/16/2012 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet High Blood Pressure General) U.S. Task Force Issues Blood Pressure Guidelines Title: U.S. Task Force Issues Blood Pressure GuidelinesCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/15/2012 4:05:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 5/16/2012 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet High Blood Pressure General) Hypertension and diabetes on the rise worldwide, says UN report The number of people with high blood pressure and diabetes is drastically increasing in both developed and developing countries, according to a United Nations report released today. (Source: UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security) HDL cholesterol useful biomarker in idiopathic PAH Measuring circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may help physicians better determine prognosis and disease severity in Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, show study findings. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Body Mass Index and Hypertension Among Chinese Governmental and Institutional Employees in Beijing Body mass index (BMI) and hypertension have been found to be associated in most studies of diverse populations; however, little information is available on whether the positive relationship is consistent among individuals at work sites. A work site-based screening was performed in 30 682 employees with a mean age of 40.3 years. In crude models, higher BMI quartiles above the lowest quartiles (BMI <20.6 kg/m2) were associated with progressively higher odds ratio (OR) of hypertension with an OR of 2.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.67-2.93) for the top quartile (BMI ≥24.6 kg/m2). Similar trends were found in fully adjusted models. Moreover, a 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI was associated with a 42% significantly higher (95% CI 38-46) risk of hypertension after adjusting f... Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness is Associated With Higher SYNTAX Score The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery disease (CAD) complexity. Consecutive patients (n = 360) with CAD confirmed by coronary angiography were enrolled. Mean CIMT and the overall SYNTAX score (SXscore) were 0.87 ± 0.12 mm and 15 ± 9, respectively. In univariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between the overall SXscore and CIMT (r = .42, P < .001), age (r = .23, P < .001), hypertension (r = .27, P = 0.001), diabetes (r = 0.11, P = 0.02), smoking (r = .24, P = .01), dyslipidemia (r = .2, P = 0.03), and β-blocker use (r = .19, P < .001). In multivariate analysis, CIMT (β = .34, P < .001) and age (β = .11, P < .019) were independently asso... A role for nitric oxide within the nucleus tractus solitarius in the development of muscle mechanoreflex dysfunction in hypertension Abstract? Evidence suggests the muscle mechanoreflex, a circulatory reflex that raises blood pressure and heart rate (HR) upon activation of mechanically sensitive afferent fibers in skeletal muscle, is overactive in hypertension. However, the mechanisms underlying this abnormal reflex function have yet to be identified. Sensory input from the mechanoreflex is processed within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the medulla oblongata. Within the NTS, the enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) produces nitric oxide (NO). This centrally?derived NO has been shown to modulate muscle reflex activity and serves as a viable candidate for mediating the mechanoreflex dysfunction that develops in hypertension. We hypothesized that mechanoreflex dysfunction in hypertension is media... Angiopoietin-1 mediates inhibition of hypertension-induced release of angiopoietin-2 from endothelial cells Conclusion Collectively, these results indicate that increased WS or stretch facilitates the release of Ang-2 from endothelial cell Weibel–Palade bodies, and that Ang-1 can block this by attenuating the stretch-mediated rise in intracellular calcium. (Source: Cardiovascular Research) Role of L-type calcium channels in altered microvascular responses to propofol in hypertension Conclusions Propofol acts via LTCC channels, with increased channel expression and sensitivity in genetically hypertensive rats. We suggest that increased sensitivity and expression of LTCCs may be a mechanism for exaggerated hypertension during propofol anaesthesia. (Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> WHO warns of hypertension, diabetes, obesity LONDON (Reuters) - Health data released on Wednesday provided the clearest evidence to date of the spread of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease from developed nations to poorer regions such as Africa, as lifestyles and diets there change. (Source: Modern Medicine) Soluble CD163, a marker of Kupffer cell activation, is related to portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis ConclusionsCirculating sCD163 originating from activated Kupffer cells is increased in cirrhosis with increasing Child?Pugh score and with increasing HVPG, and it is an independent predictor for HVPG. These findings support a primary role of macrophage activation in portal hypertension, and may indicate a target for biological intervention. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics) Role of L-type calcium channels in altered microvascular responses to propofol in hypertension Conclusions Propofol acts via LTCC channels, with increased channel expression and sensitivity in genetically hypertensive rats. We suggest that increased sensitivity and expression of LTCCs may be a mechanism for exaggerated hypertension during propofol anaesthesia. (Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia) Bevacizumab-mediated interference with VEGF signaling is sufficient to induce a preeclampsia-like syndrome in nonpregnant women. We present two cases of bevacizumab toxicity that mimic preeclampsia with a reversible syndrome characterized by acute-onset severe hypertension, proteinuria, central nervous system irritability (headache, photophobia, blurred vision, seizures), abnormal laboratory tests (elevated liver function tests, thrombocytopenia), and evidence of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy on neuroimaging. In both cases, the clinical and laboratory manifestations returned to normal with discontinuation of bevacizumab therapy and supportive care. Bevacizumab toxicity can mimic preeclampsia in nonpregnant women. These data suggest that interference with VEGF signaling is sufficient to induce a preeclampsia-like syndrome in nonpregnant patients. VEGF signaling therefore appears to play a central role-perh... Prehypertension, all hypertension subtypes linked to increased CVD risk Prehypertension and all hypertension subtypes, including isolated diastolic hypertension are predictors for increased cardiovascular disease risk, a study of patients in the Asia-Pacific region shows. (Source: MedWire News - Hypertension)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Erratum for Ito et al. ?Comparison of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Versus Without Right-Sided Mechanical Alternans? Am J Cardiol 2012;109:428?431 The wording of the second and third column headings in was incorrect. The second column heading should have read ?No Alternans (n = 24)? and the third column heading should have read ?Alternans (n = 8).? (Source: The American Journal of Cardiology) Guidelines adherence and hypertension control at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia Conclusions? An overall fair level of adherence with guidelines and better control of hypertension was observed. Guidelines compliant practices resulted in better control of hypertension. The gaps between what guidelines recommend and clinical practice were especially seen in the pharmacotherapy of uncomplicated hypertension and hypertension with diabetes mellitus and renal disease. (Source: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice) Recommendations for the treatment of hypertension in the elderly and very elderly: a scotoma within international guidelines. Authors: Schäfer H, de V, Sudano I, Dischinger S, Theus G, Zilla P, Dieterle T Abstract The recommendations of international scientific societies for the treatment of hypertension in the geriatric population are different. Lack of outcome trials, non-standardised terminology as well as differing levels of evidence contribute to the inconsistencies in the guidelines. This review article compares six international guidelines (ESH-ESC 2007/2009, SHG 2009, DHL 2008, CHEP 2010, NICE 2011 and JNC7 2003) as well as the consensus document of the ACCF/AHA 2011 in terms of their recommendations of drug classes, target blood pressure values and the use of combination therapy. Generally, antihypertensive therapy appears to be clinically beneficial in geriatric patients. Target blood pressure... Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure, Even With Family History Staying in shape lowered odds of developing hypertension by up to 42 percent in study (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Health News) Relationship between Plasma Leptin Level and Chronic Kidney Disease Conclusion. Higher plasma leptin levels are associated with CKD in a representative sample of US adults. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure Genes Title: Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure GenesCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/15/2012 11:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/15/2012 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet High Blood Pressure General) Effects of the combined administration of propranolol plus sorafenib on portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats In conclusion, the combination of propranolol+sorafenib causes a greater reduction in PP than either drug alone and decreases markedly the extent of portal-systemic shunting, splanchnic and hepatic neovascularization, and liver fibrosis, suggesting that this drug combination is a potentially useful strategy in the treatment of portal hypertension. (Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology) Genetic factors associated with small for gestational age birth and the use of human growth hormone in treating the disorder This article reviews the results of these studies and summarizes the success of hGH therapy in treating this difficult and genetically heterogenous disorder. (Source: BioMed Central) Exercise training normalizes an increased neuronal excitability of NTS-projecting neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in hypertensive rats Elevated sympathetic outflow and altered autonomic reflexes, including impaired baroreflex function, are common findings observed in hypertensive disorders. Although a growing body of evidence supports a contribution of preautonomic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to altered autonomic control during hypertension, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we aimed to determine whether the intrinsic excitability and repetitive firing properties of preautonomic PVN neurons that innervate the nucleus tractus solitarii (PVN-NTS neurons) were altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Moreover, given that exercise training is known to improve and/or correct autonomic deficits in hypertensive conditions, we evaluated whether exercise is an efficient ... The roles of O-linked {beta}-N-acetylglucosamine in cardiovascular physiology and disease More than 1,000 proteins of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria are dynamically modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), an essential post-translational modification of metazoans. O-GlcNAc, which modifies Ser/Thr residues, is thought to regulate protein function in a manner analogous to protein phosphorylation and, on a subset of proteins, appears to have a reciprocal relationship with phosphorylation. Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels change dynamically in response to numerous signals including hyperglycemia and cellular injury. Recent data suggests that O-GlcNAc appears to be a key regulator of the cellular stress response, the augmentation of which is protective in models of acute vascular injury, trauma hemorrhage, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In contras...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Sympathetic neural responses to 24-hour sleep deprivation in humans: sex differences In conclusion, TSD-induced hypertension occurs in both sexes, but only men demonstrate altered resting MSNA. The sex differences in MSNA are associated with sex differences in sympathetic baroreflex function (i.e., operating point) and testosterone. These findings may help explain why associations between sleep deprivation and hypertension appear to be sex dependent. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology) Detection of Exercise?Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Conclusions:EIPAH is characterized by a decreased ventilatory efficiency due to ventilation to perfusion inequalities. CPET may be useful for the identification of EIPAH and serve to diagnose PAH at an early stage.Drs. Schwaiblmair, von Scheidt, and Berghaus conceived and designed the study. Drs. Schwaiblmair, Faul, and Berghaus acquired the study data. Dr. Schwaiblmair performed the statistical analysis and drafted the article. All authors participated in interpreting the data and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose. (Source: Clinical Cardiology) Smoking Status on Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Conclusions:Despite a higher risk of revascularization, the cessation of smoking either before or after PCI is beneficial in all?cause mortality. The apparent smoker's paradox may be explained by the differences in baseline risk or the reduced sensitivity to adverse outcomes as well as the reluctance to seek medical help among smokers.This study received an unrestricted grant from Pfizer Investment Co., China. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose. (Source: Clinical Cardiology) Carotid Baroreceptor Reaction after Stenting in 2 Locations of Carotid Bulb Lesions of Different Embryologic Origin [INTERVENTIONAL] CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of transient BR after carotid stent placement was lower in the apical region of the carotid bulb. Different cardiovascular disturbances after carotid stent placement can be attributed to anatomically different areas of the carotid bulb. (Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology) Exsanguination of a home hemodialysis patient as a result of misconnected blood-lines during the wash back procedure: a case report Conclusions: Despite successful training, critical procedural errors can still be made by patients on homehemodialysis. In this case, the error involved misconnection of the saline bag for wash back.This case should prompt providers of home hemodialysis to review their training protocolsand manuals. Manufacturers of dialysis machinery should be encouraged to design machinesspecifically for home hemodialysis, and consider distinguishing the arterial and venous endsof the extracorporeal blood circuit with colour coding or incompatible connectivity, toprevent occurrences such as these in the future. (Source: BMC Nephrology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Urinary calculi and an increased risk of stroke: a population?based follow?up study CONCLUSION??Our results suggest that there is an increased risk of stroke during the first 5?years after a diagnosis of UC. (Source: BJU International) A brief overview of mouse models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: problems and prospects Many chronic pulmonary diseases are associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is a term that continues to be used to describe a wide spectrum of vascular abnormalities. Pulmonary vascular structural changes frequently increase pulmonary vascular resistance, causing PH and right heart failure. Although rat models had been standard models of PH research, in more recent years the availability of genetically engineered mice has made this species attractive for many investigators. Here we review a large amount of data derived from experimental PH reports published since 1996. These studies using wild-type and genetically designed mice illustrate the challenges and opportunities provided by these models. Hemodynamic measurements are difficult to obtain ... Interplay of macrophages and T cells in the lung vasculature In severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), vascular lesions are composed of phenotypically altered vascular and inflammatory cells that form clusters or tumorlets. Because macrophages are found in increased numbers in intravascular and perivascular space in human PAH, here we address the question whether macrophages play a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling and whether accumulation of macrophages in the lung vasculature could be compromised by the immune system. We used the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 because these cells are resistant to apoptosis, have high proliferative capacity, and resemble cells in the plexiform lesions that tend to pile up instead of maintaining a monolayer. Cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry with cell surface markers (Lycopersicon Escu... Kinase-dependent activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by ET-1 in pulmonary arterial myocytes during chronic hypoxia Exposure to chronic hypoxia (CH) causes pulmonary hypertension. The vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) is thought to play a role in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from chronically hypoxic rats, ET-1 signaling is altered, with the ET-1-induced change in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) occurring through activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) even though ET-1-induced depolarization via inhibition of K+ channels is lost. The mechanism underlying this response is unclear. We hypothesized that activation of VDCCs by ET-1 following CH might be mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) and/or Rho kinase, both of which have been shown to phosphorylate and activate VDCCs. To test this hypothesis, we examined... Angiotensin II modulates the NCC/WNK4/SPAK pathway [Physiology] Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II is a salt-sensitive form of hypertension with hyperkalemia in humans caused by mutations in the with-no-lysine kinase 4 (WNK4). Several studies have shown that WNK4 modulates the activity of the renal Na+Cl? cotransporter, NCC. Because the renal consequences of WNK4 carrying pseudoaldosteronism type II mutations resemble the response to intravascular volume depletion (promotion of salt reabsorption without K+ secretion), a condition that is associated with high angiotensin II (AngII) levels, it has been proposed that AngII signaling might affect WNK4 modulation of the NCC. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, WNK4 is required for modulation of NCC activity by AngII. To demonstrate that WNK4 is required in the AngII-mediated regulation of NCC in vivo, we used a total...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Cardiac sympathetic activation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction have sympathetic activation specifically directed to the myocardium. Although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with increased systemic sympathetic activity, its impact on sympathetic drive to ventricular myocardium is unknown. Fifteen patients with PAH (9 women; 54 ± 12 years) were studied: 10 with idiopathic PAH and 5 with a connective tissue disorder. We measured hemodynamics, as well as radiolabeled and endogenous concentrations of arterial and coronary sinus norepinephrine (NE). These measures were repeated after inhaled nitric oxide (NO). Measurement of transcardiac NE concentrations and the cardiac extraction of radiolabeled NE allowed calculation of the corrected transcard... Activating autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor play an important role in mediating hypertension in response to adoptive transfer of CD4+ T lymphocytes from placental ischemic rats The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of RUPP CD4+ T cells on AT1-AA, renal and systemic hemodynamics in pregnant rats. To answer this question CD4+ T splenocytes were magnetically isolated on day 19 of gestation from control RUPP and normal pregnant (NP) rats and injected into a new group of NP rats at day 13 of gestation. On day 19 of gestation mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal function (glomerular filtration rates, GFR) were analyzed and serum collected for AT1-AA analysis. To determine a role for AT1-AA to mediate RUPP CD4+ T cell-induced blood pressure increases, MAP was analyzed in a second group of rats treated with AT1 receptor blockade losartan (10 mg·kg–1·day–1) and in a third group of rats treated with rituximab, a B ce... Role of 20-HETE in the antihypertensive effect of transfer of chromosome 5 from Brown Norway to Dahl salt-sensitive rats This study examined whether substitution of chromosome 5 containing the CYP4A genes from Brown Norway rat onto the Dahl S salt-sensitive (SS) genetic background upregulates the renal production of 20-HETE and attenuates the development of hypertension. The expression of CYP4A protein and the production of 20-HETE were significantly higher in the renal cortex and outer medulla of SS.5BN (chromosome 5-substituted Brown Norway rat) consomic rats fed either a low-salt (LS) or high-salt (HS) diet than that seen in SS rats. The increase in the renal production of 20-HETE in SS.5BN rats was associated with elevated expression of CYP4A2 mRNA. MAP measured by telemetry rose from 117 ± 1 to 183 ± 5 mmHg in SS rats fed a HS diet for 21 days, but only increased to 151 ± 5 mmHg in ... Unidirectional valved patch closure of ventricular septal defects with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension Delayed presentation of ventricular septal defect (VSD) is common in developing countries. Such patients often have severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which increases post-operative morbidity and mortality. To address these problems, we used our technique of unidirectional valved patch (UVP) for closure of VSD. Between January 2006 and December 2010, 17 patients (age 2–23 years, median 9 years) with a large VSD and severe PAH underwent VSD closure with UVP. Pre-operative mean indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRI) was 10.9 ± 2.2 Wood units and mean pre-operative systemic saturation was 93.4 ± 2.6%. Shunt was bidirectional in 15 patients and predominantly right to left in two. After VSD closure, intra-operative transoesophageal echoca... eComment. Ventricular septal defect correction in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (Source: Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Proteinuria in Metastatic Pheochromocytoma is Associated with an Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Spontaneously or After Therapy with 131I-Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311634Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has been reported rarely in pheochromocytoma, occurring spontaneously or after therapy with 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG). Our objective was to determine whether proteinuria is associated with an increased risk of ARDS. This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study of 64 patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma treated with 131I-MIBG on institutional protocols. Proteinuria was defined as at least one urinalysis positive for at least trace protein within 1 month prior to 131I-MIBG or within 1 month prior to spontaneous ARDS. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact test. Urinalyses within the defined time period were available for 48 patients, 8 of whom h... Association of E?selectin gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population AbstractThe E?selectin gene, a member of the selectin superfamily of adhesion molecules, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of thrombovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the potential relationship between E?selectin gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Three hundred fourteen ischemic stroke patients and 389 unrelated healthy controls were recruited for the study. Three single?nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?rs1805193(G98T), rs5361(A561C), and rs5355(C1839T)?in the exon region of the E?selectin gene, were genotyped using a Multiplex SNaPshot sequencing assay. The data showed that the genotype and allele frequencies of G98T and C1839T SNP were similar in both ischemic stroke patients and the controls. In contras... Frequency and associated factors of structural progression of open-angle glaucoma in the Beijing Eye Study Conclusions In a population-based setting in adult Chinese, factors showing an association with open-angle glaucoma progression were an advanced stage of the disease (ie, small rim), presence of disc haemorrhages, larger area of β zone and higher frequency of β zone increase, and higher intraocular pressure. Glaucoma progression was not significantly associated with optic disc size, central corneal thickness, retinal vessel diameter and retinal microvascular abnormalities, and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology) Spanish multicenter tafluprost tolerability study Conclusion Preservative-free tafluprost is a well tolerated hypotensive agent that can be used in eyes with surface problems and in naive eyes. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology) Risk of selected eye diseases in people admitted to hospital for hypertension or diabetes mellitus: record linkage studies Conclusions With the exception of retinal vascular occlusion, elevations of risk of the ophthalmic diseases studied in hypertension were modest. By contrast, there were significant and substantial increases of risk for each eye disease in people with diabetes. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Pressure on docs to screen for hypertension in kids What?s a normal blood pressure for a 15-year-old boy? How about for an eight-year-old girl? Many physician?s couldn?t tell you — taking children?s blood pressure has never been standard practice. (Source: Health Facts and Fears) SSRI use in late pregnancy was associated with increased persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns. Authors: PMID: 22586029 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine) How variability in the institutional review board review process affects minimal-risk multisite health services research. Conclusion: Complying with IRB requirements for a minimal-risk study required substantial resources and threatened the study's internal and external validity. The current review of regulatory requirements may address some of these problems. Primary Funding Source: Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. PMID: 22586010 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine) St. Jude Medical Announces European Approval And Launch Of The EnligHTN Renal Denervation System For Treatment Of Hypertension St. Jude Medical, Inc. (NYSE:STJ), a global medical device company, today announced CE Mark Approval and launch of its EnligHTN™ renal denervation system during EuroPCR (Source: Medical Design Online News) HDL cholesterol useful biomarker in idiopathic PAH Measuring circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may help physicians better determine prognosis and disease severity in Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, show study findings. (Source: MedWire News - Cardiology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Walking for up to two and a half hours a week can reduce risks of hypertension Even moderate exercise can reduce the risk of high blood pressure in people with a family history of the disease by 26 per cent, say scientists at the University of South Carolina. (Source: the Mail online \| Health) Efficacy and safety of switching to travoprost/timolol fixed-combination therapy from latanoprost monotherapy Conclusions  Compared to latanoprost monotherapy, TTFC therapy significantly reduced IOP and decreased the heart rate in the patient cohort. No differences were found in terms of patients? impressions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical InvestigationPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10384-012-0139-2Authors Kenji Kashiwagi, Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan Journal Japanese Journal of OphthalmologyOnline ISSN 1613-2246Print ISSN 0021-5155 (Source: Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology) Densitometric CT evaluation of acute and chronic thromboembolic filling defects of the pulmonary arteries before and after contrast injection Conclusions  Before contrast administration, acute emboli coare prevalently hyperattenuating and therefore more conspicuous. Only chronic thrombi exhibit CE, and CE is significantly associated with the development of collateral circulation, which may be involved in the process of thrombotic recanalisation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Chest Radiology / Radiologia ToracicaPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s11547-012-0828-4Authors F. De Luca, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department of Radiology, Sant?Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, ItalyC. Modolon, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department of Radiology, Sant?Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, ItalyF. Buia, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department of R... Improving care for patients after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) There is no doubt that progress has been made in the care of patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) over recent years. Virtually all hospitals now offer rapid access neurovascular clinics or admission for high risk patients with many units running clinics 7 days a week. Availability of brain and carotid imaging has improved1 and the UK Carotid Interventions Audit has shown dramatic improvements in the symptom to surgery times coming down from a median of 28 days in 2008 to 21 days in 2010 and 14 days in 2012.2 However, in this edition of the journal Lager et al report the results of a study examining how effectively risk factors are managed in primary care in the UK after a diagnosis of TIA has been made in a specialist clinic.3 The key message is that substanti... Quality of secondary prevention measures in TIA patients: a retrospective cohort study Conclusion Only a minority of TIA patients achieved RCP standards whereas QOF standards were generally well achieved. Substantial benefits in terms of stroke prevention stand to be gained if risk factors are managed in line with more stringent RCP standards. (Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Imaging in pulmonary hypertension, part 2: large vessel diseases Pulmonary hypertension is defined by physiological parameters but there are numerous causes that differ in their pathogenesis, management and prognosis. Causes include chronic cardiac or pulmonary diseases and diffuse small vessel disease but also a range of large vessel obstructive diseases. The physiological manifestation of all these diseases is increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and while clinical features may provide a clue to diagnosis, imaging plays a fundamental role in establishing a precise diagnosis and therefore guiding therapy. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the most common large vessel cause of pulmonary hypertension. It is increasingly recognised as a major cause of morbidity and mortality which is underdiag... Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy A 77-year-old lady was brought to our primary percutaneous coronary intervention service with chest pain and ST elevation in anterior chest leads. She had an emotional stress the day prior to her presentation. She was haemodynamically stable with a blood pressure of 110/64 mm Hg and had grade 5 ejection systolic murmur. Her coronary angiogram showed unobstructed coronary arteries. Her left ventriculogram showed akinetic apical and mid-segment with hyperkinetic basal segment, typical of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (figure 1, figure 2 and supplement file-S1). Transthoracic echocardiography on the same day showed normal aortic valve structure and function (supplement file-S2) with a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient of 45 mm Hg (figure 3). Her Troponin T was sli... IOP induces upregulation of GFAP and MHC-II and microglia reactivity in mice retina contralateral to experimental glaucoma Background: Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by an irreversible decrease in ganglion cells and their axons. Macroglial and microglial cells appear to play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Here, we study the effects of laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) in the macroglia, microglia and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of eyes with OHT (OHT-eyes) and contralateral eyes two weeks after lasering. Methods: Two groups of adult Swiss mice were used: age-matched control (naive, n = 9); and lasered (n = 9). In the lasered animals, both OHT-eyes and contralateral eyes were analyzed. Retinal whole-mounts were immunostained with antibodies against glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), neurofilament of 200k... CardioPulse Articles * Top EHJ Associate Editor Reviewers in 2011 * The Clinical Atlas of Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography for iPad * Karl Swedberg * The Journal of Hypertension * The thirst for alternative remedies * Psychosocial risk factors and heart disease (Source: European Heart Journal) Hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma}-fat-specific protein 27 pathway contributes to obesity-related hypertension via afferent vagal signals Conclusion The hepatic PPAR–Fsp27 pathway plays important roles in the development of obesity-related hypertension via afferent vagal signals from the liver. (Source: European Heart Journal)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Prognostic Impact of Baseline Low Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease of Daily Clinical Practice In this study, a low first?visit SBP or DBP was associated with an adverse prognosis in hypertensive patients with sCAD of contemporary daily clinical practice. (Source: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension) Prognostic Factors for Cerebral Infraction and Outcome in Patients with Intracranial Aneurysm Conclusions:? Although most prognostic factors for cerebral infraction and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are already present on admission; for suitable patients, endovascular coiling and early intervention are recommended.© 2012 The Authors; Surgical Practice © 2012 College of Surgeons of Hong Kong (Source: Surgical Practice) Mechanisms of pressure-diuresis and pressure-natriuresis in Dahl salt-resistant and Dahl salt-sensitive rats Conclusions: Thus the differences between the experimental groups are explained solely in terms of difference in blood flow regulation. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that, if a shift in the pressure-natriuresis relationship is the primary cause of elevated arterial pressure in the Dahl S rat, then alternation in how renal afferent and efferent arterial resistances are regulated represents the primary cause of chronic hypertension in the Dahl S rat. (Source: BMC Physiology - Latest articles) Prognostic factors in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension: Two Japanese nationwide epidemiological surveys in 1999 and 2005 Conclusion:? The prognosis of IPH would be better if varices were adequately controlled. Patients with liver failure at diagnosis would be at high risk for subsequent disease aggravation. (Source: Hepatology Research) Prehypertension, all hypertension subtypes linked to increased CVD risk Prehypertension and all hypertension subtypes, including isolated diastolic hypertension are predictors for increased cardiovascular disease risk, a study of patients in the Asia-Pacific region shows. (Source: MedWire News - Cardiology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Oxidative Stress in the Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome Abstract  Excess visceral adiposity contributes to inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system despite a state of volume expansion and of salt retention that contributes to subclinical elevations of pro-oxidant mechanisms. These adverse effects are mediated by excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminished antioxidant defense mechanisms. Excess tissue (i.e., skeletal muscle, liver, heart) free oxygen radicals contribute to impairments in the insulin-dependent metabolic signaling pathways that regulate glucose utilization/disposal and systemic insulin sensitivity. The generation of ROS is required for normal cell signaling and physiological responses. It is a loss of redox homeostasis that results in a proinflammatory/profibrotic m... Evaluation of multifocal visual evoked potentials in patients with Graves? orbitopathy and subclinical optic nerve involvement Abstract  Dysthyroid optic neuropathy is the most serious, although infrequent (8?10 %) complication in Graves? orbitopathy (GO). It is known that early stages of compressive optic neuropathy may produce reversible visual field defects, suggesting axoplasmic stasis rather than ganglion cell death. This observational, cross-sectional, case?control study assessed 34 consecutive patients (65 eyes) with Graves? hyperthyroidism and longstanding GO and 31 age-matched control subjects. The patients? multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) were compared to their clinical and psychophysical (standard automated perimetry [SAP]) and structural (optic coherence tomography [OCT]) diagnostic test data. Abnormal cluster defects were found in 12.3 % and 3.1 % of... Mechanical stretch down-regulates expression of the Smad6 gene in cultured rat mesangial cells Conclusion  Mechanical stretch increases phospho-Smad1 levels and down-regulates Smad6 mRNA expression in mesangial cells. Stretch-mediated down-regulation of Smad6 is partially involved in ERK1/2 activation. These results indicate that glomerular hypertension might augment Smad1 signaling with concomitant attenuation of Smad6-mediated negative feedback. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10157-012-0630-6Authors Yoshimitsu Hayashi, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanTetsuo Katoh, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanK... Morning blood pressure is useful for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients Conclusion  Morning BP is useful for detecting LVH in HD patients. Monitoring of morning BP may be superior to measurements taken at other times for diagnosing HT. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10157-012-0639-xAuthors Rika Ago, Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanAyumu Nakashima, Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 JapanTakayuki Naito, Nephrology and Dialysis Division, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, JapanShigehiro Doi, Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 JapanMariko Ochiai, Department of Interna... Transcatheter Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Creation for Restrictive VSD in Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Conclusions  This report describes the first transcatheter creation of VSD in DORV with a restrictive ventricular septum in a newborn infant. Use of the radiofrequency catheter in combination with cutting balloon dilation and stent implantation is an efficient method for creating a VSD in such a patient. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00246-012-0337-1Authors C. Huie Lin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 8th Floor NWT, 1 Children?s Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USACharles Huddleston, Department of Surgery, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children?s Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USADavid T. Balzer, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington Un...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Current management and future directions for the treatment of patients hospitalized for heart failure with low blood pressure The objectives of this meeting were to (1) develop a working definition for HF-LBP, (2) describe its clinical characteristics and pathophysiology, (3) review current therapies and their limitations, (4) discuss novel agents in development and (5) create a framework for the design and conduct of future clinical trials. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-16DOI 10.1007/s10741-012-9315-1Authors Mihai Gheorghiade, Center of Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Ave, Suite 1006, Chicago, IL 60611, USAMuthiah Vaduganathan, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USAAndrew Ambrosy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USAMichael Böhm, Department of Internal ... Antihypertensive Treatment and Sexual Dysfunction Abstract  Sexual dysfunction is frequently encountered in hypertensive patients. Available data indicates that sexual dysfunction is more frequent in treated than in untreated patients, generating the hypothesis that antihypertensive therapy might be associated with sexual dysfunction. Several lines of evidence suggest that differences between antihypertensive drugs exist regarding their effects on sexual function. Older antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, beta blockers) exert detrimental effects on erectile function whereas newer drugs (nebivolol, angiotensin receptor blockers) have neutral or even beneficial effects. Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors are effective in hypertensive patients and can be safely administered even when multidrug regimes are used. Precautions n... Nifedipine versus labetalol in the treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy Conclusions  Antihypertensive therapy in pregnancy with Labetalol may have the potential to impair fetal behavior in low degrees hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. Optimal care must balance the potentially conflicting risks and benefits to mother and fetus. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Maternal-Fetal MedicinePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00404-012-2371-xAuthors Stefano R. Giannubilo, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, ?G. Salesi? Hospital via F. Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, ItalyValeria Bezzeccheri, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, ?G. Salesi? Hospital via F. Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, ItalyStefano Cecchi, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, ?G. Salesi? Hospit... ASPIRE-2-PREVENT: a survey of lifestyle, risk factor management and cardioprotective medication in patients with coronary heart disease and people at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the UK Conclusions The potential among patients with CHD and individuals at high risk of developing CVD in the UK to achieve the JBS2 lifestyle and risk factor targets is considerable. CVD prevention needs a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, addressing all aspects of lifestyle and risk factor management. The challenge is to engage and motivate cardiologists, physicians and other health professionals to routinely practice high quality preventive cardiology in a healthcare system which must invest in prevention. (Source: Heart) The role of taurine in renal disorders. This article examines the actions of taurine on models of renal dysfunction, the potential mechanisms of taurine action and the possible clinical significance of these findings. Our laboratory has written previously on the role of taurine in renal function and we have focused upon the normal physiology of the kidney and on the mechanisms and regulation of the renal transport of taurine. This review is a distinct change of emphasis in that we describe a number of studies which have evaluated various aspects of renal dysfunction, including hypertension and proteinuria, specific glomerular and tubular disorders, acute and chronic renal conditions, urinary tract conditions including infection and nephrolithiasis, and diabetic nephropathy. The subject of chronic kidney disease and renal transpl...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Effects of maternal captopril treatment during late pregnancy on neonatal lung development in rats. Authors: Capelari DN, Sánchez SI, Ortega HH, Ciuffo GM, Fuentes LB Abstract The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we examined the effects of maternal exposure to captopril (2.85mg/kg/day) during late pregnancy (G13-G21) on postnatal rat lung development. Treatment with captopril during late pregnancy caused a significant decrease in ACE activity in P0 rats. Body weight decreased at P0 (p<0.001), P8 and P15 (p<0.01) in captopril-treated rats. Lung weight of P0 and P8 pups was lower in treated-animals (p<0.05). Lungs from captopril-treated animals showed impaired alveolar formation, with enlarged distal airway spaces at P8, P15 and P30. Interalveolar wall distance measured by mean linea... Hypertension in pregnancy Abstract: Hypertension is a common complication of pregnancy and remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertensive disorders range from mild gestational hypertension to severe pre-eclampsia which remains one of the leading causes of maternal death in the UK. Although there have been major advances in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease in recent years, interventions to prevent hypertensive disorders in pregnancy have had disappointing results. Due to their unpredictable nature and potential poor outcomes, patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy warrant cautious care with consultant obstetric, neonatal and anaesthetic involvement to optimize both maternal and fetal outcomes. (Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductiv... Maternal deaths at a public maternity Hospital in Fortaleza: an epidemiological study The objectives of this study were to analyze the maternal deaths, which occurred in a public maternity hospital in Fortaleza, Ceara State, Brazil and identify associations between time of death and the cases. An analysis was performed on the medical records, death certificates and notification forms regarding 96 maternal deaths that occurred between 2000 and 2008. The most prevalent delivery type was cesarean section (45, 46.8%) and the most prevalent causes of death were: hypertensive syndrome (27, 28.1%), infection (17, 17.7%) and hemorrhage (16, 16.7%). There was a statistically significant association between: cesarean section, hypertension syndrome and infection (x²=14.40, p=0.00; x²=4.02, p=0.04); deaths in the postpartum period and hypertensive syndrome (x²=6.13, p=0.01) and infe... Leisure and mental health in people with hypertension: convergence in health education The objective of this study was to promote health education to a group of hypertensive patients, through research-action, based on critical-social pedagogy, and taking into consideration the participants' perception of leisure. Educational activities were conducted and, following, an evaluation was performed regarding the subjects' opinion about the impact of leisure on their lives and mental health. The group perceived leisure as a coping strategy for loneliness and also as a late development of independence; it was also regarded as a means of socialization and as a promotion of mental health. These perceptions revealed two themes: aging, leisure, and chronic disease; and knowledge and leisure experiences. Educational actions, such as group dynamics and discussions, were planned consideri... Cardiovascular risk among health professionals working in pre-hospital care services Avaliar os fatores de risco cardiovascular, com ênfase na hipertensão, e estratificá-los de acordo com o Escore de Risco de Framingham (ERF). Estudo com 154 profissionais que atuavam em aten-dimento pré-hospitalar na cidade de São Paulo e rodovia Br-116. Foi considerado significante o valor de p<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> The use of validated questionnaires to measure adherence to arterial hypertension treatments: an integrative review The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific production in collective health regarding which validated questionnaires are being used to evaluate adherence to hypertension treatments. This integrative review was performed on the SciELO, MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Nine studies were selected, which used seven questionnaires: Moriski-Green Test, Cuestionário de Valoración de Adherencia, Cuestionário MBG, Questionário QAM-Q, Haynes Test, Escala de Conductas em Salud, and Hill-Bone compliance Scale. We concluded that the evaluation of hypertension treatment adherence is still an field open of research, due to the fact that the different instruments used have limitations, and there is no ideal method yet identified.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar en la producción cie... The Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Association with Use of Testosterone Products: A Cohort Study using the UK?based General Practice Research Database CONCLUSIONS: Risks of prostate cancer and prostatism were similar in users of the two preparations, but risks were higher for hypertension and polycythemia in the injectable compared to the oral testosterone users. Risk of BPH was slightly higher in the oral users, but the difference was small and could have been due to bias.© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology) Uganda: Asthma Patients Getting Wrong Medication [Observer] When the former national chairman of the Forum for Democratic Change Mr John Butime passed on late last month, newspaper reports pointed at complications that may have resulted from his asthma, diabetes and hypertension. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine) [Seminar] Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of death from cardiovascular disease after heart attack and stroke. Sequelae occurring after venous thromboembolism include chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and post-thrombotic syndrome. Venous thromboembolism and atherothrombosis share common risk factors and the common pathophysiological characteristics of inflammation, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury. Clinical probability assessment helps to identify patients with low clinical probability for whom the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism can be excluded solely with a negative result from a plasma D-dimer test. (Source: LANCET) Recent Clinical Trials in Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertensive Patients Abstract  Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and Hypertension (HTN) is the most common cardiovascular disorder. AF is a major risk factor for strokes whether it is symptomatic or silent. Recent publications have shed light on the role of antihypertensive regiments in prevention of AF, while others have provided data on the efficacy and safety of novel antiarrhythmic drugs such as dronedarone and vernakalant. The older CHADS2 score and its more refined modern counterparts are well validated to determine stroke risk and guide antithrombotic therapy, but haemorrhagic risk has to be respected as well, and scores such as HAS-BLED should be widely used. Novel classes of anticoagulants that overcome many of the drawbacks...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Cardiac Arrest during Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient on an Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist Abstract  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARA) are effective and well-tolerated first-line drugs in the therapy of hypertension and, therefore, are frequently encountered in the perioperative setting. Hemodynamic compensation for volume depletion seen in the perioperative period is normally mediated by the renin?angiotensin system, which is blocked by ACEI/ARA. These drugs may contribute to severe hypotension during anesthesia induction and may have contributed to the cardiac arrest seen in this patient. Additional factors such as increased intra-abdominal pressures and respiratory obstructive episodes leading to diminished venous return, as well diuretic use and the fasting state, common in the perioperative orthopedi... Comparison of accuracy of optic nerve ultrasound for the detection of intracranial hypertension in the setting of acutely fluctuating vs stable ICP: post-hoc analysis of data from a prospective, blinded single center study IntroductionOptic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement with bedside ultrasound has been shown in many studies to accurately detect high intracranial pressure (ICP). The accuracy of point-in-time ONSD measurement in the presence of ongoing fluctuation of ICP between high and normal is not known. Recent laboratory investigation suggests that reversal of optic nerve sheath distension may be impaired following bouts of intracranial hypertension. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of ONSD measurement in the setting of fluctuating versus stable ICP. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from prospective study comparing ONSD to invasive ICP. Patients with invasive ICP monitors in the ICU underwent ONSD measurement with simultaneous blinded recording of ICP from the invasive monitor. ... PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and vardenafil, reverse multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of MRP7 (ABCC10) transporter SummaryPhosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction and in improving the breathing efficiency in pulmonary hypertension. Recently, several groups have evaluated the ability of PDE5 inhibitors for their anticancer activities. Previously, we have shown that sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil could reverse P?glycoprotein (P?gp, ABCB1)?mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). In the present study, we determined whether these PDE5 inhibitors have the potential to reverse multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7, ABCC10)?mediated MDR. We found that sildenafil and vardenafil dose?dependently enhanced the sensitivity of MRP7?transfected HEK293 cells to paclitaxel, docetaxel and vinblastine, while tadalafil had only minimal effect. A... Evolution of the Urinary Proteome during Human Renal Development and Maturation: Variations with Gestational and Postnatal Age. Conclusions:Gestational and postnatal age must be considered when evaluating the utility of urinary biomarkers. PMID: 22580717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research) Therapeutic Hypercapnia Prevents Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonatal Rats by Limiting Macrophage-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor-? Authors: Sewing AC, Kantores C, Ivanovska J, Lee AH, Masood A, Jain A, McNamara PJ, Tanswell AK, Jankov RP Abstract Bleomycin-induced lung injury is characterized in the neonatal rat by inflammation, arrested lung growth and pulmonary hypertension (PHT), as observed in human infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Inhalation of CO(2) (therapeutic hypercapnia) has been described to limit cytokine production and to have anti-inflammatory effects on the injured lung; we therefore hypothesized that therapeutic hypercapnia would prevent bleomycin-induced lung injury. Spontaneously-breathing rat pups were treated with bleomycin (1 mg/kg/d i.p.) or saline vehicle from postnatal days 1-14 while being continuously exposed to 5% CO(2) (PaCO(2) elevated by 15-20 mmHg), 7% CO(2) (PaCO(...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Osteopontin is an Endogenous Modulator of the Constitutively Activated Phenotype of Pulmonary Adventitial Fibroblasts in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. Authors: Anwar A, Li M, Frid MG, Kumar B, Gerasimovskaya EV, Riddle SR, McKeon BA, Thukaram R, Meyrick BO, Fini MA, Stenmark KR Abstract Increased cell proliferation and migration, of several cell types are key components of vascular remodeling observed in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our previous data demonstrate that adventitial fibroblasts isolated from pulmonary arteries of chronically hypoxic hypertensive calves (termed PH-Fibs) exhibit a "constitutively activated" phenotype characterized by high proliferative and migratory potential. Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to promote several cellular activities including growth and migration in cancer cells. We thus tested the hypothesis that elevated OPN expression confers the "activated" highly pro-proliferative and pro-migratory/... Glc-6-PDH and PKG Contribute to Hypoxia-Induced Decrease in Contractile Phenotype Proteins and Pulmonary Artery Contraction. Authors: Chettimada S, Rawat DK, Dey N, Kobelja R, Simms Z, Wolin MS, Lincoln TM, Gupte SA Abstract Persistent hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is an emerging clinical problem around the world. We recently showed that hypoxia-induced activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glc-6-PD) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle links metabolic changes within smooth muscle cells to HPV, and that inhibition of Glc-6PD reduces acute HPV. Here we demonstrate that exposing pulmonary arterial rings to hypoxia (20-30 torr) for 12 h in vitro, significantly (P<0.05) reduces (by 30-50%) SM22? and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) expression and evokes HPV. Glc-6-PD activity was also elevated i... [Inflammation and arterial hypertension in rheumatic diseases]. Authors: Abstract The development of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, and chronic heart failure associated with autoimmune processes is underlain not only by classical risk factors but also by immuno-inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms of these conditions. There are reports suggesting correlation between activity of rheumatic diseases, the character and progression of arterial hypertension, elevated blood levels of C-reactive protein and certain cytokines, e.g TNO-alpha. The present review discusses the currently available data on the relationship between AH and immune-mediated inflammation in patients with rheumatic diseases. PMID: 22567932 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Atherosclerosis) [Pulse pressure monitoring in hypertensive black Africans]. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pulse pressure above 60 mmHg was higher in hypertensive black Africans. Their control was poor, but dual therapy with a diuretic was more effective. Myocardial consequences were significant. PMID: 22331268 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa) Research shows telemonitoring helps control blood pressure Patients receiving telemonitoring along with high blood pressure management support from a pharmacist were more likely to lower their blood pressure than those without the support, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Scientific Sessions 2012. read more (Source: Healthcare IT News)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Home Telemonitoring by Pharmacists Helps Control Patients' Blood Pressure ATLANTA, May 10, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Patients receiving telemonitoring along with high blood pressure management support from a pharmacist were more likely to lower their blood pressure than those not receiving extra support, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Scientific Sessions 2012. (Source: Medical News (via PRIMEZONE)) Drawing test 'predicts stroke death risk' Conclusion This study suggests that the results of a relatively simple test given at age 70 could predict the likelihood of dying after a stroke. This particular study did not, however, assess whether or not the TMT-A or TMT-B could itself predict the likelihood of having a stroke, as some internet coverage has suggested. At present there are many risk factors that are used to identify individuals at an increased risk of having a stroke, including age, family history, ethnicity and medical history, as well as lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and diet. This research suggests that the Trail Making Test may be useful for predicting the outcomes after a stroke, although this particular paper did not provide data on the test?s ability to predict who will have a... Prognostic implications of renal dysfunction in patients hospitalized with heart failure: data from the last decade of clinical investigations Abstract  Numerous studies over the last decade have demonstrated that renal dysfunction and worsening renal function (WRF) are common in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HHF) and appear to be associated with poor in-hospital and post-discharge outcomes. Unfortunately, its etiology has not been completely understood, and its prediction during hospitalization remains challenging. The evaluation of renal impairment during hospitalization should take into consideration the underlying renal substrate (e.g., predisposing clinical comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension), initiating mechanisms (e.g., in-hospital therapies such as diuretics), and amplifying factors (neurohormonal and hemodynamic profile changes). Various patterns of WRF may have different prognosti... Basal and post-ischemic vascular compliance in children/adolescents born small for gestational age Conclusions  These data show that the SGA group presented some early signs of arterial wall functional disorders. More pediatric data are needed for the evaluation by non-invasive techniques of vascular function in children?adolescents at risk of CVD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00467-012-2168-yAuthors Mirella Strambi, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 36, 53100 Siena, ItalyGianluca Messa, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, Siena, ItalySilvia Berni, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 36, 53100 Siena, ItalySerena Capitani, Department of Physiopatholo... Statins May Help Prevent Irregular Heartbeat in Elderly Cholesterol-lowering drugs cut risk of atrial fibrillation in people with high blood pressure, early study found (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Cardiology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Maternal serum visfatin at 11?13 weeks? gestation in preeclampsia Maternal serum visfatin at 11–13 weeks’ gestation in preeclampsia Journal of Human Hypertension advance online publication, May 10, 2012. doi:10.1038/jhh.2012.10 Authors: A F A Ferreira, J C Rezende, R de Cassia C. Oliveira, R Akolekar & K H Nicolaides (Source: Journal of Human Hypertension) Main Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Described by Transthoracic Echocardiography in an Adult Without Pulmonary Stenosis or Pulmonary Hypertension Aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery is a rare finding in adults. This case presents the finding of an asymptomatic 4.6-cm pulmonary artery aneurysm in a woman in her early 60s detected on routine transthoracic echocardiography. All pertinent data are presented, and the clinical significance of the pulmonary artery aneurysm is discussed. The case emphasizes the importance of following a complete and thorough echocardiographic examination protocol. A limited study is likely to miss significant incidental findings such as is reported here, particularly if it involves the right heart. (Source: Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography) Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Obese Women with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A New Approach for Identifying New Candidates in the Pathogenesis of Obesity In conclusion, we have identified potential candidates that could be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. Further studies aiming to investigating the precise role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of obesity and their potential therapeutic implications are needed. (Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology) Development of a Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) Assay for High-Throughput Chemical Screening Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule that needs to be tightly regulated to maintain metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) pathway is central to this regulation. Specifically, the small-molecule ADMA competitively inhibits NOS, thus lowering NO levels. The majority of ADMA is physiologically metabolized by DDAH, thus maintaining NO levels at a physiological concentration. However, under pathophysiological conditions, DDAH activity is impaired, in part as a result of its sensitivity to oxidative stress. Therefore, the application of high-throughput chemical screening for the discovery of small molecules that could restore or enhance DDAH activity might have signif... Calpain Inhibition Preserves Talin and Attenuates Right Heart Failure in Acute Pulmonary Hypertension. Conclusions: Right heart failure from acute RV pressure overload is associated with reduced talin abundance and disrupted talin organization. Calpain inhibition preserves abundance and organization of talin and right ventricular function. Calpain inhibition might have clinical utility for treating acute cor pulmonale. PMID: 22582173 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Respir Cell Mol...)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Prevalence and Early Detection of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. Conclusion: The frequency of AAA is significantly higher in patients with PEXS and PEXG than in patients with POAG or cataract. Restricted screening for AAA in male PEXS patients, who also have elevated degrees of angle pigmentation, arterial hypertension, and DM, is clinically warranted. PMID: 22574663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Eye Research) Subclinical Cardiac Abnormalities and Kidney Function Decline: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical abnormalities in cardiac structure are associated with longitudinal kidney function decline independent of diabetes and hypertension. Future studies should examine mechanisms to explain these associations. PMID: 22580783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN) Physical Activity Limitation as Measured by Accelerometry in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. CONCLUSIONS:Sedentary time is increased in PAH and may lead to increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity. Quantitation of daily activity and sedentary time using accelerometry may be a novel endpoint for PAH management and clinical trials. PMID: 22576635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chest) Chronic Disease Tops Infection as Global Issue (MedPage Today) -- An increasing number of people in low- to middle-income countries are now dealing with hypertension and arthritis, according to a new global report. (Source: MedPage Today Public Health) How to Control High Blood Pressure that Can Lead to Incontinence May is National High Blood Pressure Education Month, as recognized by the National Institutes of Health. Physician assistant Dianna Malkowski of The CareGiver Partnership explains the relationship...(PRWeb May 09, 2012)Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/5/prweb9487246.htm (Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Sex Difference in Cardiovascular Risk: Role of Pulse Pressure Amplification Conclusions: PP amplification is highly predictive of differences in CV risk between men and women. In post-menopausal women, the attenuation of PP amplification, mainly related to increased aortic stiffness, contributes to the significant increase in CV risk. (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology) Does Slow and Steady Win the Race?? Heart rate is 1 of the 4 vital signs that have provided a basis for making medical decisions for centuries (). In recent years, we have learned that heart rate is also a powerful predictor of outcomes in unselected populations, patients with hypertension (), and coronary artery disease, among other conditions (). In patients with systolic heart failure (HF), higher heart rate at baseline and lower reduction of heart rate from baseline to follow-up in response to beta blockade are strong predictors of worse outcomes (). (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology) Namibia: Pre-Term Births Are Preventable - WHO [New Era] Windhoek - Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, genetics, as well as pregnancies spaced too closely together are all factors that contribute to pre-term births. (Source: AllAfrica News: Pregnancy and Childbirth) The influence of clinical evidence on surgical practice AbstractGiven the considerable interest in the use of evidence?based medicine to guide clinical practice, it is surprising that the results of a recent randomized controlled trial have been met with such a limited response. The DECompressive CRAniectomy study investigators have recently published the results of a landmark trial in neurosurgery, comparing early decompressive craniectomy with standard medical therapy in patients who developed intracranial hypertension after diffuse closed traumatic brain injury (TBI). This is the first ever randomized controlled trial investigating the surgical management of adult patients with severe TBI. The trial clearly demonstrated that early decompression did not provide clinical benefit; however, rather than having a significant impact on clinical p... Combined measurements of serum bile acid level and splenic volume may be useful to noninvasively assess portal venous pressure Conclusions  Combined measurements of the serum bile acid level and splenic volume may be useful to noninvasively assess the PVP prior to further invasive procedures. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article?Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00535-012-0599-7Authors Hiromitsu Hayashi, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 JapanToru Beppu, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 JapanHirohisa Okabe, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 JapanHidetoshi Nitt...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Microalbuminuria as Surrogate Endpoint in Therapeutic Trials Abstract  A surrogate endpoint is a measure of the effect of a certain treatment that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but does not necessarily have a guaranteed relationship. The concept is particularly useful in cardiovascular and renal disease. We review evidence regarding microalbuminuria as one potential surrogate endpoint. In diabetes, hypertension and high cardiovascular risk, recent studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of significant changes in urinary albumin excretion for cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The most appropriate timing with which to repeat microalbuminuria and whether or not changes should be targeted during the antihypertensive treatment remain unanswered. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory The Therapeutic Trials (G Mancia... A Randomized Trial of Peer Coach and Office Staff Support to Reduce Coronary Heart Disease Risk in African-Americans with Uncontrolled Hypertension CONCLUSIONS  Peer patient and office-based behavioral support for African-American patients with uncontrolled hypertension did not result in a significantly greater reduction in coronary heart disease risk but did significantly reduce systolic blood pressure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11606-012-2095-4Authors Barbara J. Turner, ReACH Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio and University Health System, 7410 John Smith Road, Suite 1050, San Antonio, TX 78229, USAChristopher S. Hollenbeak, Departments of Surgery and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USAYuanyuan Liang, ReACH Center and D... Polycystin-1 regulates amphiregulin expression through CREB and AP1 signalling: implications in ADPKD cell proliferation Abstract  In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), renal cyst development and enlargement, as well as cell growth, are associated with alterations in several pathways, including cAMP and activator protein 1 (AP1) signalling. However, the precise mechanism by which these molecules stimulate cell proliferation is not yet fully understood. We now show by microarray analysis, luciferase assay, mutagenesis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation that CREB and AP1 contribute to increased expression of the amphiregulin gene, which codifies for an epidermal growth factor-like peptide, in ADPKD cystic cells, thereby promoting their cell growth. Increased amphiregulin (AR) expression was associated with abnormal cell proliferation in both PKD1-depleted and -mutated epithel... On age-specific variations in income-related inequalities in diabetes, hypertension and obesity Conclusions  The results suggest that variations in age-specific inequalities are unlikely to be a purely artificial result of health-related selection into retirement or mortality. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00038-012-0368-7Authors Martin Siegel, Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyMarkus Luengen, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GermanyStephanie Stock, Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Journal International Journal of Public HealthOnline ISSN 1661-8564Print ISSN 1661-8556 (Source: International Journal of Public Health) Burden of stroke in the Philippines Based on disability?adjusted life?years, stroke is the second leading cause of death and among the top five diseases with the greatest burden. Although two community?based studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of stroke in the Philippines, the incidence has not been nationally recorded to date. The prevalence ranged from 1·9% to 6·59%, and ?Wiihabilitation?, a rehabilitation stroke therapy, is widely practiced. A clinical trial for stroke rehabilitation using the Chinese Medicine NeuroAid®, which consists of several herbs, is ongoing in many hospitals across the Philippines. Due to their ready availability, phytomedicines are widely used, especially in the rural areas, for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia, which are p...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div> Activation of JNK/c-Jun is required for the proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis induced by EET in pulmonary artery endothelial cells [Research Articles] Pulmonary artery endothelial plexiform lesion is responsible for pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR), a basic pathological change of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent evidence suggests that epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), which is derived from arachidonic acid by cytochrome p450 (CYP) epoxygenase, has an essential role in PAH. However, until now, most research has focused on pulmonary vasoconstriction; it is unclear whether EET produces mitogenic and angiogenic effects in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). Here we found that 500 nM/l 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET markedly augmented JNK and c-Jun activation in PAECs and that the activation of c-Jun was mediated by JNK, but not the ERK or p38 MPAK pathway. Moreover, treatment with 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET pro... The Impact of Lipoic Acid on Endothelial Function and Proteinuria in Quinapril-Treated Diabetic Patients With Stage I Hypertension: Results From the QUALITY Study Conclusions: In diabetic patients with hypertension, QUI reduces blood pressure, proteinuria, and improves endothelial function. Moreover, this effect is strongly potentiated with a combination of QUI and ALA. These results may attenuate the progression of vascular pathophysiology seen in patients with a combination of diabetes and hypertension. (Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics) Cardiovascular Biology: Escaped DNA inflames the heart Authors: Klitos Konstantinidis & Richard N. Kitsis High blood pressure can damage heart muscle cells and their mitochondrial organelles. DNA from degraded mitochondria has been shown to trigger inflammation leading to heart failure. See Letter p.251 (Source: Nature) The Association of Oxidative Stress with Hypertensive Retinopathy. This study was designed to answer the following questions: (i) Do levels of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of oxidative stress, change in hypertensive retinopathy (HR)? (ii) Is there any relation between degree of HR and GGT levels? This study included 80 hypertensive patients with HR. Group 1 comprised 40 patients with grade I HR, and group 2 comprised 40 patients with grade II HR. We selected 40 healthy subjects for the control group. Level of GGT in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 (P = 0.005) and control group (P = 0.001); it was also higher in group 1 than in control group (P = 0.025). Our study suggests that oxidative stress, mechanisms known to be involved in vascular lesions, may promote the development of HR. PMID: 22571627 [PubMed - as suppli...

hypertension and high blood pressure guide

Understanding Hypertension And High Blood Pressure

Hypertension is most commonly referred to as having "high blood pressure", HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the blood pressure is chronically elevated. High blood pressure is considered to be present when a person's systolic blood pressure is consistently 140 mmHg or greater, and/or their diastolic blood pressure is consistently 90 mmHg or greater.

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition that affects many people in this country. However, many of these people are not even aware of their condition, since high blood pressure often has few if any symptoms. Undiagnosed hypertension can elevate the risk of many other health conditions, such as heart disease and stroke. The good news is that high blood pressure is fairly easy to diagnose when it is tested for regularly, and there are many options in treating this condition that include lifestyle changes and medication.

Hypertension Risk Factors

Over the early years of life and into middle age, men tend to be more likely to be diagnosed with high blood pressure. In the later years, after menopause, the statistics for women and menopause tend to go up as well. Race is another risk factor in hypertension, with African Americans much more likely to be diagnosed with this condition than whites, and usually at an earlier age.

Other types of risk

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Heart Is Focus for Hypertension Meeting
NEW YORK CITY (MedPage Today) -- Hypertension specialists will take a closer look at the connection between high blood pressure and the cardiovascular system at this year's meeting of the American Society of Hypertension here, according to the chair of the scientific program committee. (Source: MedPage Today Geriatrics)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in adult type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the Malaysian diabetes registry 2009
Conclusions: Major independent determinants of uncontrolled BP in our group of T2D patients were Malay ethnicity, older age, recent diagnosis of diabetes, overweight and follow-up at health clinics without a doctor and possibly the improper use of anti hypertensive agent. More effort, education and resources, especially in the primary health care centres are needed to improve hypertensive care among our patients with diabetes. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)
Aggressive Blood Pressure?Lowering Therapy Guided by Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Improves Target Organ Damage in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes/Prediabetes
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:00?00. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors tested the hypothesis that an aggressive antihypertensive treatment is beneficial in protecting against target organ damage (TOD) in patients with type 2 diabetes/prediabetes. The authors enrolled 60 patients with uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes/prediabetes and performed clinic, home, and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Irbesartan, amlodipine, and indapamide were used according to a titration schedule from step 1 to 5 for target home BP level ?125/75?mm?Hg. The flow?mediated vasodilation (FMD), radial augmentation index (AI), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and urinary albumin excretion ratio (UACR), as a surrogate marker of TOD, were measured at baseline and 6 months. Compared wit...
Are Sleep Symptoms Predictors of Resistant Hypertension in a Population?Based Sample? Findings From the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:000?000. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The aim of this study was to test the association of self?reported sleep symptoms to those identified with severe hypertension in a nationally representative sample of adults. Self?reported and study?measured health and sleep characteristics were collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2008. Of 10,526 individuals with completed sleep surveys participating in the study, the authors identified 379 patients with severe hypertension defined as those treated with ?3 antihypertensive medications including a diuretic; 110 of these had resistant hypertension (RHTN) despite therapy, while 269 were controlled for severe hypertension (CSHTN). Patients with RHTN were m...
Treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension with 23.4% saline in children with severe traumatic brain injury
Abstract: The safety and efficacy of osmotic therapy with mannitol and 3% saline in the pediatric head-injured population has been widely reported; the use of 23.4% saline in children for the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension has not. The clinical and physiologic responses of multiple 23.4% saline boluses in two children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are presented. No complications were associated with the use of 23.4% saline in either patient. (Source: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia)
Africa: High Blood Pressure, Diabetes Are Global Health Threats
[State Department] Washington - The urgency of noncommunicable diseases as a cause of illness and death worldwide gained further credence May 16 with the latest release of global health statistics from the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Fibrates: Therapeutic potential for diabetic nephropathy?
Authors: Kouroumichakis I, Papanas N, Zarogoulidis P, Liakopoulos V, Maltezos E, Mikhailidis DP Abstract Despite intensive glucose-lowering treatment and advanced therapies for cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus with its macro- and microvascular complications remains a major health problem. Especially diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is increasing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? (PPAR-?), a member of a large nuclear receptor superfamily, is expressed in several tissues including the kidney. Recently, experimental data have suggested that PPAR-? activation plays a pivotal role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, lipid metabolism, inflammatory and vascular...
BP Meds No Help Against Colorectal Cancer (CME/CE)
(MedPage Today) -- Long-term use of common beta blocker drugs to combat high blood pressure does not decrease the risk of developing colorectal cancer, a large population-based study found. (Source: MedPage Today Primary Care)
Distribution of Urocortins and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in the Cardiovascular System
Urocortins are human homologues of urotensin I, a fish corticotropin-releasing-factor- (CRF-) like peptide secreted from the urophysis. There are three urocortins: urocortin 1, urocortin 2, and urocortin 3 in mammals. We have shown that urocortin 1 and urocortin 3 are endogenously synthesized in the myocardial cells of human heart and may act on CRF type 2 receptor (CRFR2) expressed in the heart. Expression levels of urocortin 1 in the heart and plasma urocortin 1 levels are elevated in patients with heart failure. Recent studies have shown that urocortins have various biological actions in the cardiovascular system, such as a vasodilator action, a positive inotropic action, a cardioprotective action against ischemia/reperfusion injury, and suppressive actions against the renin angiotensin...
Ciclosporin: Renal toxicity, hypertension and hypertrichosis: case report
(Source: Reactions)
Depression and anxiety are associated with a diagnosis of hypertension 5 years later in a cohort of late middle-aged men and women
Authors: A T Ginty, D Carroll, T J Roseboom, A C Phillips & S R de Rooij (Source: Journal of Human Hypertension)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
The impact of cardiopulmonary manifestations on the mortality of SSc: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Conclusion. Meta-analysis of observational studies indicates a trend for improvement over the last decades in which the life expectancy of SSc patients approaches that of the general population. A decreasing tendency in the survival differences between the limited and diffuse SSc subgroups was also verified. Internal organ involvements have similarly unfavourable predictive impact on survival. (Source: Rheumatology)
Predictive value of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 G?1639A and C1173T single nucleotide polymorphisms in retinal vein occlusion
Conclusion:? It was found that subjects with the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 GG and CC genotypes had a higher risk of retinal vein occlusion. (Source: Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology)
Clinical Quality Performance in U.S. Health Centers
ConclusionsHealth centers provide quality care at rates comparable to national averages. Performance may be improved by increasing insurance coverage among patients and increasing the ratios of physicians and enabling service providers to patients. (Source: Health Services Research)
Comparative effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers on laboratory parameters in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes
Conclusions: Our study suggested that hematological adverse effects and electrolyte imbalance are greater with ARB monotherapy than with CCB monotherapy. (Source: Cardiovascular Diabetology)
Effect of beta-1-blocker, nebivolol, on central aortic pressure and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension
Conclusion: Nebivolol 5 mg demonstrated antihypertensive efficacy in patients with essential hypertension by reducing not only peripheral brachial pressures, but also significantly reducing central aortic pressures, augmentation index, and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, which is the marker of arterial stiffness. (Source: Indian Journal of Pharmacology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
The window hypothesis: haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic effects of {beta}-blockers improve survival of patients with cirrhosis during a window in the disease
Background Cirrhosis is one of the most frequent and severe chronic diseases worldwide. In the initial stages it has few or no symptoms, but advanced stages of cirrhosis are characterised by reduced liver function, complications due to portal hypertension and neuroendocrine abnormalities with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-aldosterone axis. The prognosis is severe, with an increasing frequency of complications including variceal bleeding, ascites and spontaneous infections with subsequent development of hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome. More than one-third of patients diagnosed with cirrhosis develop oesophageal varices within 3 years after the diagnosis is made. Varices develop and later bleed when the portal pressure is increased ...
Progress report on the first sub-Saharan trial of newer versus older antihypertensive drugs in native black patients
Background: The epidemic surge in hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa is not matched by clinical trials ofantihypertensive agents in Black patients recruited in this area of the world. We mounted theNewer versus Older Antihypertensive agents in African Hypertensive patients (NOAAH) trialto compare, in native African patients, a single-pill combination of newer drugs, notinvolving a diuretic, with a combination of older drugs including a diuretic. Methods: Patients aged 30 to 69 years with uncomplicated hypertension (140 to 179/90 to 109 mmHg)and [less than or equal to]2 associated risk factors are eligible. After a four week run-in period off treatment, 180patients have to be randomized to once daily bisoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide 5/6.25 mg (R) oramlodipine/valsartan 5/160 mg (E). To attain...
Maternal Deaths Drop By Nearly Half
The statistics have remained staggering: every two minutes, a woman dies of pregnancy and child birth-related complications caused primarily by severe bleeding, infections, high blood pressure and unsafe abortions. (Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health)
Retraction Notice
Syncope in Adults With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 59 (2011) 863?7. Rachel J. Le, MD, Eric R. Fenstad, MD, Hilal Maradit-Kremers, MD, Robert B. McCully, MD, Robert P. Frantz, MD, Michael D. McGoon, MD, Garvan C. Kane, MD, PhD. (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology)
Palpitations are predictive of future atrial fibrillation
A large cohort study has found that the strongest risk factors for atrial fibrillation in both men and women were a history of palpitations and hypertension.(1) While hypertension is a well known risk factor for AF, the investigators note that "the impact of self-reported palpitations on later occurrence of AF has not been documented earlier". Read full article Topics: Atrial Fibrillation (Source: European Society of Cardiology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Health Highlights: May 16, 2012
Only 1 in 4 Sunscreens Effective and Safe: Report Sharp Drop in Maternal Deaths: U.N. One-Third of Adults Worldwide Have High Blood Pressure: WHO (Source: Primary Care News - Doctors Lounge)
Meta-Analysis of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Associated with the Use of Insulin Glargine versus NPH Insulin during Pregnancy
As glargine, an analog of human insulin, is increasingly used during pregnancy, a meta-analysis assessed its safety in this population. A systematic literature search identified studies of gestational or pregestational diabetes comparing use of insulin glargine with human NPH insulin, with at least 15 women in both arms. Data was extracted for maternal outcomes (weight at delivery, weight gain, 1st/3rd trimester HbA1c, severe hypoglycemia, gestation/new-onset hypertension, preeclampsia, and cesarean section) and neonatal outcomes (congenital malformations, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, macrosomia, LGA, 5 minute Apgar score >7, NICU admissions, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia). Relative risk ratios and weighted mean differenc...
The Relationship between Insufficient Sleep and Self-Rated Health in a Nationally Representative Sample
We examined participants >18 years of age (n=377, 160) from a representative, cross-sectional survey (2008 BRFSS). Self-reported insufficient sleep in the previous 30 days was categorized into six groups. The outcome was poor SRH. We calculated odds ratios ((OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of increasing categories of insufficient rest/sleep, taking zero days of insufficient sleep as the referent category. We found a positive association between increasing categories of insufficient sleep and poor SRH, independent of relevant covariates. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared to 0 days insufficient sleep, the OR (95% CI) of poor SRH was 1.03 (0.97–1.10) for 1–6 days, 1.45 (1.34–1.57) for 7–13 days, 2.12 (1.97–2.27) for 14–20 days, 2.32 (2.09...
Multiple Pappenheimer bodies after splenectomy
We report on a 49?year?old man dialyzed for renal insufficiency. Past medical history included chronic alcohol abuse leading to severe complications such liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension and diabetes. He had been splenectomized one year before.© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S (Source: European Journal of Haematology)
Review of the genus Ipomoea: traditional uses, chemistry and biological activities
Approximately 600-700 species of Ipomoea, Convolvulaceae, are found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Several of those species have been used as ornamental plants, food, medicines or in religious ritual. The present work reviews the traditional uses, chemistry and biological activities of Ipomoea species and illustrates the potential of the genus as a source of therapeutic agents. These species are used in different parts of the world for the treatment of several diseases, such as, diabetes, hypertension, dysentery, constipation, fatigue, arthritis, rheumatism, hydrocephaly, meningitis, kidney ailments and inflammations. Some of these species showed antimicrobial, analgesic, spasmolitic, spasmogenic, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, psych...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Sexual dimorphism in rodent models of hypertension and atherosclerosis
AbstractApproximately one third of all deaths are attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD), making it the biggest killer worldwide. Despite a number of therapeutic options available, the burden of CVD morbidity continues to grow indicating the need for continued research to address this unmet need. In this respect investigation of the mechanisms underlying the protection that pre?menopausal females enjoy from cardiovascular?related disease and mortality is of interest. In this review we discuss the essential role that rodent animal models play in enabling this field of research. In particular we focus our discussion on models of hypertension and atherosclerosis.© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society (Source: British Journal of...
Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure, Even With Family History
Title: Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure, Even With Family HistoryCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/15/2012 4:05:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 5/16/2012 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet High Blood Pressure General)
U.S. Task Force Issues Blood Pressure Guidelines
Title: U.S. Task Force Issues Blood Pressure GuidelinesCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/15/2012 4:05:00 PMLast Editorial Review: 5/16/2012 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet High Blood Pressure General)
Hypertension and diabetes on the rise worldwide, says UN report
The number of people with high blood pressure and diabetes is drastically increasing in both developed and developing countries, according to a United Nations report released today. (Source: UN News Centre - Health, Poverty, Food Security)
HDL cholesterol useful biomarker in idiopathic PAH
Measuring circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may help physicians better determine prognosis and disease severity in Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, show study findings. (Source: MedWire News - Lipidology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Body Mass Index and Hypertension Among Chinese Governmental and Institutional Employees in Beijing
Body mass index (BMI) and hypertension have been found to be associated in most studies of diverse populations; however, little information is available on whether the positive relationship is consistent among individuals at work sites. A work site-based screening was performed in 30 682 employees with a mean age of 40.3 years. In crude models, higher BMI quartiles above the lowest quartiles (BMI <20.6 kg/m2) were associated with progressively higher odds ratio (OR) of hypertension with an OR of 2.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.67-2.93) for the top quartile (BMI ≥24.6 kg/m2). Similar trends were found in fully adjusted models. Moreover, a 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI was associated with a 42% significantly higher (95% CI 38-46) risk of hypertension after adjusting f...
Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness is Associated With Higher SYNTAX Score
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery disease (CAD) complexity. Consecutive patients (n = 360) with CAD confirmed by coronary angiography were enrolled. Mean CIMT and the overall SYNTAX score (SXscore) were 0.87 ± 0.12 mm and 15 ± 9, respectively. In univariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between the overall SXscore and CIMT (r = .42, P < .001), age (r = .23, P < .001), hypertension (r = .27, P = 0.001), diabetes (r = 0.11, P = 0.02), smoking (r = .24, P = .01), dyslipidemia (r = .2, P = 0.03), and β-blocker use (r = .19, P < .001). In multivariate analysis, CIMT (β = .34, P < .001) and age (β = .11, P < .019) were independently asso...
A role for nitric oxide within the nucleus tractus solitarius in the development of muscle mechanoreflex dysfunction in hypertension
Abstract? Evidence suggests the muscle mechanoreflex, a circulatory reflex that raises blood pressure and heart rate (HR) upon activation of mechanically sensitive afferent fibers in skeletal muscle, is overactive in hypertension. However, the mechanisms underlying this abnormal reflex function have yet to be identified. Sensory input from the mechanoreflex is processed within the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the medulla oblongata. Within the NTS, the enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) produces nitric oxide (NO). This centrally?derived NO has been shown to modulate muscle reflex activity and serves as a viable candidate for mediating the mechanoreflex dysfunction that develops in hypertension. We hypothesized that mechanoreflex dysfunction in hypertension is media...
Angiopoietin-1 mediates inhibition of hypertension-induced release of angiopoietin-2 from endothelial cells
Conclusion Collectively, these results indicate that increased WS or stretch facilitates the release of Ang-2 from endothelial cell Weibel–Palade bodies, and that Ang-1 can block this by attenuating the stretch-mediated rise in intracellular calcium. (Source: Cardiovascular Research)
Role of L-type calcium channels in altered microvascular responses to propofol in hypertension
Conclusions Propofol acts via LTCC channels, with increased channel expression and sensitivity in genetically hypertensive rats. We suggest that increased sensitivity and expression of LTCCs may be a mechanism for exaggerated hypertension during propofol anaesthesia. (Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
WHO warns of hypertension, diabetes, obesity
LONDON (Reuters) - Health data released on Wednesday provided the clearest evidence to date of the spread of chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease from developed nations to poorer regions such as Africa, as lifestyles and diets there change. (Source: Modern Medicine)
Soluble CD163, a marker of Kupffer cell activation, is related to portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis
ConclusionsCirculating sCD163 originating from activated Kupffer cells is increased in cirrhosis with increasing Child?Pugh score and with increasing HVPG, and it is an independent predictor for HVPG. These findings support a primary role of macrophage activation in portal hypertension, and may indicate a target for biological intervention. (Source: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Role of L-type calcium channels in altered microvascular responses to propofol in hypertension
Conclusions Propofol acts via LTCC channels, with increased channel expression and sensitivity in genetically hypertensive rats. We suggest that increased sensitivity and expression of LTCCs may be a mechanism for exaggerated hypertension during propofol anaesthesia. (Source: British Journal of Anaesthesia)
Bevacizumab-mediated interference with VEGF signaling is sufficient to induce a preeclampsia-like syndrome in nonpregnant women.
We present two cases of bevacizumab toxicity that mimic preeclampsia with a reversible syndrome characterized by acute-onset severe hypertension, proteinuria, central nervous system irritability (headache, photophobia, blurred vision, seizures), abnormal laboratory tests (elevated liver function tests, thrombocytopenia), and evidence of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy on neuroimaging. In both cases, the clinical and laboratory manifestations returned to normal with discontinuation of bevacizumab therapy and supportive care. Bevacizumab toxicity can mimic preeclampsia in nonpregnant women. These data suggest that interference with VEGF signaling is sufficient to induce a preeclampsia-like syndrome in nonpregnant patients. VEGF signaling therefore appears to play a central role-perh...
Prehypertension, all hypertension subtypes linked to increased CVD risk
Prehypertension and all hypertension subtypes, including isolated diastolic hypertension are predictors for increased cardiovascular disease risk, a study of patients in the Asia-Pacific region shows. (Source: MedWire News - Hypertension)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Erratum for Ito et al. ?Comparison of Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension With Versus Without Right-Sided Mechanical Alternans? Am J Cardiol 2012;109:428?431
The wording of the second and third column headings in was incorrect. The second column heading should have read ?No Alternans (n = 24)? and the third column heading should have read ?Alternans (n = 8).? (Source: The American Journal of Cardiology)
Guidelines adherence and hypertension control at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia
Conclusions? An overall fair level of adherence with guidelines and better control of hypertension was observed. Guidelines compliant practices resulted in better control of hypertension. The gaps between what guidelines recommend and clinical practice were especially seen in the pharmacotherapy of uncomplicated hypertension and hypertension with diabetes mellitus and renal disease. (Source: Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice)
Recommendations for the treatment of hypertension in the elderly and very elderly: a scotoma within international guidelines.
Authors: Schäfer H, de V, Sudano I, Dischinger S, Theus G, Zilla P, Dieterle T Abstract The recommendations of international scientific societies for the treatment of hypertension in the geriatric population are different. Lack of outcome trials, non-standardised terminology as well as differing levels of evidence contribute to the inconsistencies in the guidelines. This review article compares six international guidelines (ESH-ESC 2007/2009, SHG 2009, DHL 2008, CHEP 2010, NICE 2011 and JNC7 2003) as well as the consensus document of the ACCF/AHA 2011 in terms of their recommendations of drug classes, target blood pressure values and the use of combination therapy. Generally, antihypertensive therapy appears to be clinically beneficial in geriatric patients. Target blood pressure...
Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure, Even With Family History
Staying in shape lowered odds of developing hypertension by up to 42 percent in study (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Health News)
Relationship between Plasma Leptin Level and Chronic Kidney Disease
Conclusion. Higher plasma leptin levels are associated with CKD in a representative sample of US adults. (Source: Experimental Diabetes Research)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure Genes
Title: Fitness Fights High Blood Pressure GenesCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/15/2012 11:00:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/15/2012 12:00:00 AM (Source: MedicineNet High Blood Pressure General)
Effects of the combined administration of propranolol plus sorafenib on portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats
In conclusion, the combination of propranolol+sorafenib causes a greater reduction in PP than either drug alone and decreases markedly the extent of portal-systemic shunting, splanchnic and hepatic neovascularization, and liver fibrosis, suggesting that this drug combination is a potentially useful strategy in the treatment of portal hypertension. (Source: AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology)
Genetic factors associated with small for gestational age birth and the use of human growth hormone in treating the disorder
This article reviews the results of these studies and summarizes the success of hGH therapy in treating this difficult and genetically heterogenous disorder. (Source: BioMed Central)
Exercise training normalizes an increased neuronal excitability of NTS-projecting neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in hypertensive rats
Elevated sympathetic outflow and altered autonomic reflexes, including impaired baroreflex function, are common findings observed in hypertensive disorders. Although a growing body of evidence supports a contribution of preautonomic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to altered autonomic control during hypertension, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we aimed to determine whether the intrinsic excitability and repetitive firing properties of preautonomic PVN neurons that innervate the nucleus tractus solitarii (PVN-NTS neurons) were altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Moreover, given that exercise training is known to improve and/or correct autonomic deficits in hypertensive conditions, we evaluated whether exercise is an efficient ...
The roles of O-linked {beta}-N-acetylglucosamine in cardiovascular physiology and disease
More than 1,000 proteins of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria are dynamically modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), an essential post-translational modification of metazoans. O-GlcNAc, which modifies Ser/Thr residues, is thought to regulate protein function in a manner analogous to protein phosphorylation and, on a subset of proteins, appears to have a reciprocal relationship with phosphorylation. Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc levels change dynamically in response to numerous signals including hyperglycemia and cellular injury. Recent data suggests that O-GlcNAc appears to be a key regulator of the cellular stress response, the augmentation of which is protective in models of acute vascular injury, trauma hemorrhage, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In contras...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Sympathetic neural responses to 24-hour sleep deprivation in humans: sex differences
In conclusion, TSD-induced hypertension occurs in both sexes, but only men demonstrate altered resting MSNA. The sex differences in MSNA are associated with sex differences in sympathetic baroreflex function (i.e., operating point) and testosterone. These findings may help explain why associations between sleep deprivation and hypertension appear to be sex dependent. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)
Detection of Exercise?Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Conclusions:EIPAH is characterized by a decreased ventilatory efficiency due to ventilation to perfusion inequalities. CPET may be useful for the identification of EIPAH and serve to diagnose PAH at an early stage.Drs. Schwaiblmair, von Scheidt, and Berghaus conceived and designed the study. Drs. Schwaiblmair, Faul, and Berghaus acquired the study data. Dr. Schwaiblmair performed the statistical analysis and drafted the article. All authors participated in interpreting the data and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose. (Source: Clinical Cardiology)
Smoking Status on Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Conclusions:Despite a higher risk of revascularization, the cessation of smoking either before or after PCI is beneficial in all?cause mortality. The apparent smoker's paradox may be explained by the differences in baseline risk or the reduced sensitivity to adverse outcomes as well as the reluctance to seek medical help among smokers.This study received an unrestricted grant from Pfizer Investment Co., China. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose. (Source: Clinical Cardiology)
Carotid Baroreceptor Reaction after Stenting in 2 Locations of Carotid Bulb Lesions of Different Embryologic Origin [INTERVENTIONAL]
CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of transient BR after carotid stent placement was lower in the apical region of the carotid bulb. Different cardiovascular disturbances after carotid stent placement can be attributed to anatomically different areas of the carotid bulb. (Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology)
Exsanguination of a home hemodialysis patient as a result of misconnected blood-lines during the wash back procedure: a case report
Conclusions: Despite successful training, critical procedural errors can still be made by patients on homehemodialysis. In this case, the error involved misconnection of the saline bag for wash back.This case should prompt providers of home hemodialysis to review their training protocolsand manuals. Manufacturers of dialysis machinery should be encouraged to design machinesspecifically for home hemodialysis, and consider distinguishing the arterial and venous endsof the extracorporeal blood circuit with colour coding or incompatible connectivity, toprevent occurrences such as these in the future. (Source: BMC Nephrology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Urinary calculi and an increased risk of stroke: a population?based follow?up study
CONCLUSION??Our results suggest that there is an increased risk of stroke during the first 5?years after a diagnosis of UC. (Source: BJU International)
A brief overview of mouse models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: problems and prospects
Many chronic pulmonary diseases are associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and pulmonary vascular remodeling, which is a term that continues to be used to describe a wide spectrum of vascular abnormalities. Pulmonary vascular structural changes frequently increase pulmonary vascular resistance, causing PH and right heart failure. Although rat models had been standard models of PH research, in more recent years the availability of genetically engineered mice has made this species attractive for many investigators. Here we review a large amount of data derived from experimental PH reports published since 1996. These studies using wild-type and genetically designed mice illustrate the challenges and opportunities provided by these models. Hemodynamic measurements are difficult to obtain ...
Interplay of macrophages and T cells in the lung vasculature
In severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), vascular lesions are composed of phenotypically altered vascular and inflammatory cells that form clusters or tumorlets. Because macrophages are found in increased numbers in intravascular and perivascular space in human PAH, here we address the question whether macrophages play a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling and whether accumulation of macrophages in the lung vasculature could be compromised by the immune system. We used the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 because these cells are resistant to apoptosis, have high proliferative capacity, and resemble cells in the plexiform lesions that tend to pile up instead of maintaining a monolayer. Cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry with cell surface markers (Lycopersicon Escu...
Kinase-dependent activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by ET-1 in pulmonary arterial myocytes during chronic hypoxia
Exposure to chronic hypoxia (CH) causes pulmonary hypertension. The vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) is thought to play a role in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from chronically hypoxic rats, ET-1 signaling is altered, with the ET-1-induced change in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) occurring through activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) even though ET-1-induced depolarization via inhibition of K+ channels is lost. The mechanism underlying this response is unclear. We hypothesized that activation of VDCCs by ET-1 following CH might be mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) and/or Rho kinase, both of which have been shown to phosphorylate and activate VDCCs. To test this hypothesis, we examined...
Angiotensin II modulates the NCC/WNK4/SPAK pathway [Physiology]
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II is a salt-sensitive form of hypertension with hyperkalemia in humans caused by mutations in the with-no-lysine kinase 4 (WNK4). Several studies have shown that WNK4 modulates the activity of the renal Na+Cl? cotransporter, NCC. Because the renal consequences of WNK4 carrying pseudoaldosteronism type II mutations resemble the response to intravascular volume depletion (promotion of salt reabsorption without K+ secretion), a condition that is associated with high angiotensin II (AngII) levels, it has been proposed that AngII signaling might affect WNK4 modulation of the NCC. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, WNK4 is required for modulation of NCC activity by AngII. To demonstrate that WNK4 is required in the AngII-mediated regulation of NCC in vivo, we used a total...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Cardiac sympathetic activation in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction have sympathetic activation specifically directed to the myocardium. Although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with increased systemic sympathetic activity, its impact on sympathetic drive to ventricular myocardium is unknown. Fifteen patients with PAH (9 women; 54 ± 12 years) were studied: 10 with idiopathic PAH and 5 with a connective tissue disorder. We measured hemodynamics, as well as radiolabeled and endogenous concentrations of arterial and coronary sinus norepinephrine (NE). These measures were repeated after inhaled nitric oxide (NO). Measurement of transcardiac NE concentrations and the cardiac extraction of radiolabeled NE allowed calculation of the corrected transcard...
Activating autoantibodies to the angiotensin II type I receptor play an important role in mediating hypertension in response to adoptive transfer of CD4+ T lymphocytes from placental ischemic rats
The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of RUPP CD4+ T cells on AT1-AA, renal and systemic hemodynamics in pregnant rats. To answer this question CD4+ T splenocytes were magnetically isolated on day 19 of gestation from control RUPP and normal pregnant (NP) rats and injected into a new group of NP rats at day 13 of gestation. On day 19 of gestation mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal function (glomerular filtration rates, GFR) were analyzed and serum collected for AT1-AA analysis. To determine a role for AT1-AA to mediate RUPP CD4+ T cell-induced blood pressure increases, MAP was analyzed in a second group of rats treated with AT1 receptor blockade losartan (10 mg·kg–1·day–1) and in a third group of rats treated with rituximab, a B ce...
Role of 20-HETE in the antihypertensive effect of transfer of chromosome 5 from Brown Norway to Dahl salt-sensitive rats
This study examined whether substitution of chromosome 5 containing the CYP4A genes from Brown Norway rat onto the Dahl S salt-sensitive (SS) genetic background upregulates the renal production of 20-HETE and attenuates the development of hypertension. The expression of CYP4A protein and the production of 20-HETE were significantly higher in the renal cortex and outer medulla of SS.5BN (chromosome 5-substituted Brown Norway rat) consomic rats fed either a low-salt (LS) or high-salt (HS) diet than that seen in SS rats. The increase in the renal production of 20-HETE in SS.5BN rats was associated with elevated expression of CYP4A2 mRNA. MAP measured by telemetry rose from 117 ± 1 to 183 ± 5 mmHg in SS rats fed a HS diet for 21 days, but only increased to 151 ± 5 mmHg in ...
Unidirectional valved patch closure of ventricular septal defects with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension
Delayed presentation of ventricular septal defect (VSD) is common in developing countries. Such patients often have severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which increases post-operative morbidity and mortality. To address these problems, we used our technique of unidirectional valved patch (UVP) for closure of VSD. Between January 2006 and December 2010, 17 patients (age 2–23 years, median 9 years) with a large VSD and severe PAH underwent VSD closure with UVP. Pre-operative mean indexed pulmonary vascular resistance (PVRI) was 10.9 ± 2.2 Wood units and mean pre-operative systemic saturation was 93.4 ± 2.6%. Shunt was bidirectional in 15 patients and predominantly right to left in two. After VSD closure, intra-operative transoesophageal echoca...
eComment. Ventricular septal defect correction in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension
(Source: Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Proteinuria in Metastatic Pheochromocytoma is Associated with an Increased Risk of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Spontaneously or After Therapy with 131I-Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG)
Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311634Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) has been reported rarely in pheochromocytoma, occurring spontaneously or after therapy with 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG). Our objective was to determine whether proteinuria is associated with an increased risk of ARDS. This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study of 64 patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma treated with 131I-MIBG on institutional protocols. Proteinuria was defined as at least one urinalysis positive for at least trace protein within 1 month prior to 131I-MIBG or within 1 month prior to spontaneous ARDS. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact test. Urinalyses within the defined time period were available for 48 patients, 8 of whom h...
Association of E?selectin gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population
AbstractThe E?selectin gene, a member of the selectin superfamily of adhesion molecules, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of thrombovascular diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the potential relationship between E?selectin gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in a Chinese Han population. Three hundred fourteen ischemic stroke patients and 389 unrelated healthy controls were recruited for the study. Three single?nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?rs1805193(G98T), rs5361(A561C), and rs5355(C1839T)?in the exon region of the E?selectin gene, were genotyped using a Multiplex SNaPshot sequencing assay. The data showed that the genotype and allele frequencies of G98T and C1839T SNP were similar in both ischemic stroke patients and the controls. In contras...
Frequency and associated factors of structural progression of open-angle glaucoma in the Beijing Eye Study
Conclusions In a population-based setting in adult Chinese, factors showing an association with open-angle glaucoma progression were an advanced stage of the disease (ie, small rim), presence of disc haemorrhages, larger area of β zone and higher frequency of β zone increase, and higher intraocular pressure. Glaucoma progression was not significantly associated with optic disc size, central corneal thickness, retinal vessel diameter and retinal microvascular abnormalities, and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Spanish multicenter tafluprost tolerability study
Conclusion Preservative-free tafluprost is a well tolerated hypotensive agent that can be used in eyes with surface problems and in naive eyes. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)
Risk of selected eye diseases in people admitted to hospital for hypertension or diabetes mellitus: record linkage studies
Conclusions With the exception of retinal vascular occlusion, elevations of risk of the ophthalmic diseases studied in hypertension were modest. By contrast, there were significant and substantial increases of risk for each eye disease in people with diabetes. (Source: British Journal of Ophthalmology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Pressure on docs to screen for hypertension in kids
What?s a normal blood pressure for a 15-year-old boy? How about for an eight-year-old girl? Many physician?s couldn?t tell you — taking children?s blood pressure has never been standard practice. (Source: Health Facts and Fears)
SSRI use in late pregnancy was associated with increased persistent pulmonary hypertension in newborns.
Authors: PMID: 22586029 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine)
How variability in the institutional review board review process affects minimal-risk multisite health services research.
Conclusion: Complying with IRB requirements for a minimal-risk study required substantial resources and threatened the study's internal and external validity. The current review of regulatory requirements may address some of these problems. Primary Funding Source: Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. PMID: 22586010 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Internal Medicine)
St. Jude Medical Announces European Approval And Launch Of The EnligHTN Renal Denervation System For Treatment Of Hypertension
St. Jude Medical, Inc. (NYSE:STJ), a global medical device company, today announced CE Mark Approval and launch of its EnligHTN™ renal denervation system during EuroPCR (Source: Medical Design Online News)
HDL cholesterol useful biomarker in idiopathic PAH
Measuring circulating levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may help physicians better determine prognosis and disease severity in Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, show study findings. (Source: MedWire News - Cardiology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Walking for up to two and a half hours a week can reduce risks of hypertension
Even moderate exercise can reduce the risk of high blood pressure in people with a family history of the disease by 26 per cent, say scientists at the University of South Carolina. (Source: the Mail online | Health)
Efficacy and safety of switching to travoprost/timolol fixed-combination therapy from latanoprost monotherapy
Conclusions  Compared to latanoprost monotherapy, TTFC therapy significantly reduced IOP and decreased the heart rate in the patient cohort. No differences were found in terms of patients? impressions. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical InvestigationPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10384-012-0139-2Authors Kenji Kashiwagi, Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan Journal Japanese Journal of OphthalmologyOnline ISSN 1613-2246Print ISSN 0021-5155 (Source: Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology)
Densitometric CT evaluation of acute and chronic thromboembolic filling defects of the pulmonary arteries before and after contrast injection
Conclusions  Before contrast administration, acute emboli coare prevalently hyperattenuating and therefore more conspicuous. Only chronic thrombi exhibit CE, and CE is significantly associated with the development of collateral circulation, which may be involved in the process of thrombotic recanalisation. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Chest Radiology / Radiologia ToracicaPages 1-13DOI 10.1007/s11547-012-0828-4Authors F. De Luca, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department of Radiology, Sant?Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, ItalyC. Modolon, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department of Radiology, Sant?Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, Bologna, ItalyF. Buia, Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department of R...
Improving care for patients after transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
There is no doubt that progress has been made in the care of patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) over recent years. Virtually all hospitals now offer rapid access neurovascular clinics or admission for high risk patients with many units running clinics 7 days a week. Availability of brain and carotid imaging has improved1 and the UK Carotid Interventions Audit has shown dramatic improvements in the symptom to surgery times coming down from a median of 28 days in 2008 to 21 days in 2010 and 14 days in 2012.2 However, in this edition of the journal Lager et al report the results of a study examining how effectively risk factors are managed in primary care in the UK after a diagnosis of TIA has been made in a specialist clinic.3 The key message is that substanti...
Quality of secondary prevention measures in TIA patients: a retrospective cohort study
Conclusion Only a minority of TIA patients achieved RCP standards whereas QOF standards were generally well achieved. Substantial benefits in terms of stroke prevention stand to be gained if risk factors are managed in line with more stringent RCP standards. (Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Imaging in pulmonary hypertension, part 2: large vessel diseases
Pulmonary hypertension is defined by physiological parameters but there are numerous causes that differ in their pathogenesis, management and prognosis. Causes include chronic cardiac or pulmonary diseases and diffuse small vessel disease but also a range of large vessel obstructive diseases. The physiological manifestation of all these diseases is increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and while clinical features may provide a clue to diagnosis, imaging plays a fundamental role in establishing a precise diagnosis and therefore guiding therapy. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the most common large vessel cause of pulmonary hypertension. It is increasingly recognised as a major cause of morbidity and mortality which is underdiag...
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy
A 77-year-old lady was brought to our primary percutaneous coronary intervention service with chest pain and ST elevation in anterior chest leads. She had an emotional stress the day prior to her presentation. She was haemodynamically stable with a blood pressure of 110/64 mm Hg and had grade 5 ejection systolic murmur. Her coronary angiogram showed unobstructed coronary arteries. Her left ventriculogram showed akinetic apical and mid-segment with hyperkinetic basal segment, typical of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (figure 1, figure 2 and supplement file-S1). Transthoracic echocardiography on the same day showed normal aortic valve structure and function (supplement file-S2) with a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient of 45 mm Hg (figure 3). Her Troponin T was sli...
IOP induces upregulation of GFAP and MHC-II and microglia reactivity in mice retina contralateral to experimental glaucoma
Background: Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by an irreversible decrease in ganglion cells and their axons. Macroglial and microglial cells appear to play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Here, we study the effects of laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) in the macroglia, microglia and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of eyes with OHT (OHT-eyes) and contralateral eyes two weeks after lasering. Methods: Two groups of adult Swiss mice were used: age-matched control (naive, n = 9); and lasered (n = 9). In the lasered animals, both OHT-eyes and contralateral eyes were analyzed. Retinal whole-mounts were immunostained with antibodies against glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), neurofilament of 200k...
CardioPulse Articles * Top EHJ Associate Editor Reviewers in 2011 * The Clinical Atlas of Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography for iPad * Karl Swedberg * The Journal of Hypertension * The thirst for alternative remedies * Psychosocial risk factors and heart disease
(Source: European Heart Journal)
Hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma}-fat-specific protein 27 pathway contributes to obesity-related hypertension via afferent vagal signals
Conclusion The hepatic PPAR–Fsp27 pathway plays important roles in the development of obesity-related hypertension via afferent vagal signals from the liver. (Source: European Heart Journal)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Prognostic Impact of Baseline Low Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease of Daily Clinical Practice
In this study, a low first?visit SBP or DBP was associated with an adverse prognosis in hypertensive patients with sCAD of contemporary daily clinical practice. (Source: The Journal of Clinical Hypertension)
Prognostic Factors for Cerebral Infraction and Outcome in Patients with Intracranial Aneurysm
Conclusions:? Although most prognostic factors for cerebral infraction and outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are already present on admission; for suitable patients, endovascular coiling and early intervention are recommended.© 2012 The Authors; Surgical Practice © 2012 College of Surgeons of Hong Kong (Source: Surgical Practice)
Mechanisms of pressure-diuresis and pressure-natriuresis in Dahl salt-resistant and Dahl salt-sensitive rats
Conclusions: Thus the differences between the experimental groups are explained solely in terms of difference in blood flow regulation. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that, if a shift in the pressure-natriuresis relationship is the primary cause of elevated arterial pressure in the Dahl S rat, then alternation in how renal afferent and efferent arterial resistances are regulated represents the primary cause of chronic hypertension in the Dahl S rat. (Source: BMC Physiology - Latest articles)
Prognostic factors in patients with idiopathic portal hypertension: Two Japanese nationwide epidemiological surveys in 1999 and 2005
Conclusion:? The prognosis of IPH would be better if varices were adequately controlled. Patients with liver failure at diagnosis would be at high risk for subsequent disease aggravation. (Source: Hepatology Research)
Prehypertension, all hypertension subtypes linked to increased CVD risk
Prehypertension and all hypertension subtypes, including isolated diastolic hypertension are predictors for increased cardiovascular disease risk, a study of patients in the Asia-Pacific region shows. (Source: MedWire News - Cardiology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Oxidative Stress in the Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract  Excess visceral adiposity contributes to inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system despite a state of volume expansion and of salt retention that contributes to subclinical elevations of pro-oxidant mechanisms. These adverse effects are mediated by excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminished antioxidant defense mechanisms. Excess tissue (i.e., skeletal muscle, liver, heart) free oxygen radicals contribute to impairments in the insulin-dependent metabolic signaling pathways that regulate glucose utilization/disposal and systemic insulin sensitivity. The generation of ROS is required for normal cell signaling and physiological responses. It is a loss of redox homeostasis that results in a proinflammatory/profibrotic m...
Evaluation of multifocal visual evoked potentials in patients with Graves? orbitopathy and subclinical optic nerve involvement
Abstract  Dysthyroid optic neuropathy is the most serious, although infrequent (8?10 %) complication in Graves? orbitopathy (GO). It is known that early stages of compressive optic neuropathy may produce reversible visual field defects, suggesting axoplasmic stasis rather than ganglion cell death. This observational, cross-sectional, case?control study assessed 34 consecutive patients (65 eyes) with Graves? hyperthyroidism and longstanding GO and 31 age-matched control subjects. The patients? multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) were compared to their clinical and psychophysical (standard automated perimetry [SAP]) and structural (optic coherence tomography [OCT]) diagnostic test data. Abnormal cluster defects were found in 12.3 % and 3.1 % of...
Mechanical stretch down-regulates expression of the Smad6 gene in cultured rat mesangial cells
Conclusion  Mechanical stretch increases phospho-Smad1 levels and down-regulates Smad6 mRNA expression in mesangial cells. Stretch-mediated down-regulation of Smad6 is partially involved in ERK1/2 activation. These results indicate that glomerular hypertension might augment Smad1 signaling with concomitant attenuation of Smad6-mediated negative feedback. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s10157-012-0630-6Authors Yoshimitsu Hayashi, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanTetsuo Katoh, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanK...
Morning blood pressure is useful for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients
Conclusion  Morning BP is useful for detecting LVH in HD patients. Monitoring of morning BP may be superior to measurements taken at other times for diagnosing HT. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s10157-012-0639-xAuthors Rika Ago, Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanAyumu Nakashima, Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 JapanTakayuki Naito, Nephrology and Dialysis Division, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, JapanShigehiro Doi, Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 JapanMariko Ochiai, Department of Interna...
Transcatheter Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Creation for Restrictive VSD in Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Conclusions  This report describes the first transcatheter creation of VSD in DORV with a restrictive ventricular septum in a newborn infant. Use of the radiofrequency catheter in combination with cutting balloon dilation and stent implantation is an efficient method for creating a VSD in such a patient. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Case ReportPages 1-5DOI 10.1007/s00246-012-0337-1Authors C. Huie Lin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 8th Floor NWT, 1 Children?s Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USACharles Huddleston, Department of Surgery, SSM Cardinal Glennon Children?s Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USADavid T. Balzer, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington Un...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Current management and future directions for the treatment of patients hospitalized for heart failure with low blood pressure
The objectives of this meeting were to (1) develop a working definition for HF-LBP, (2) describe its clinical characteristics and pathophysiology, (3) review current therapies and their limitations, (4) discuss novel agents in development and (5) create a framework for the design and conduct of future clinical trials. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-16DOI 10.1007/s10741-012-9315-1Authors Mihai Gheorghiade, Center of Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Ave, Suite 1006, Chicago, IL 60611, USAMuthiah Vaduganathan, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USAAndrew Ambrosy, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USAMichael Böhm, Department of Internal ...
Antihypertensive Treatment and Sexual Dysfunction
Abstract  Sexual dysfunction is frequently encountered in hypertensive patients. Available data indicates that sexual dysfunction is more frequent in treated than in untreated patients, generating the hypothesis that antihypertensive therapy might be associated with sexual dysfunction. Several lines of evidence suggest that differences between antihypertensive drugs exist regarding their effects on sexual function. Older antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, beta blockers) exert detrimental effects on erectile function whereas newer drugs (nebivolol, angiotensin receptor blockers) have neutral or even beneficial effects. Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors are effective in hypertensive patients and can be safely administered even when multidrug regimes are used. Precautions n...
Nifedipine versus labetalol in the treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Conclusions  Antihypertensive therapy in pregnancy with Labetalol may have the potential to impair fetal behavior in low degrees hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. Optimal care must balance the potentially conflicting risks and benefits to mother and fetus. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Maternal-Fetal MedicinePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00404-012-2371-xAuthors Stefano R. Giannubilo, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, ?G. Salesi? Hospital via F. Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, ItalyValeria Bezzeccheri, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, ?G. Salesi? Hospital via F. Corridoni 11, 60123 Ancona, ItalyStefano Cecchi, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, ?G. Salesi? Hospit...
ASPIRE-2-PREVENT: a survey of lifestyle, risk factor management and cardioprotective medication in patients with coronary heart disease and people at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the UK
Conclusions The potential among patients with CHD and individuals at high risk of developing CVD in the UK to achieve the JBS2 lifestyle and risk factor targets is considerable. CVD prevention needs a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach, addressing all aspects of lifestyle and risk factor management. The challenge is to engage and motivate cardiologists, physicians and other health professionals to routinely practice high quality preventive cardiology in a healthcare system which must invest in prevention. (Source: Heart)
The role of taurine in renal disorders.
This article examines the actions of taurine on models of renal dysfunction, the potential mechanisms of taurine action and the possible clinical significance of these findings. Our laboratory has written previously on the role of taurine in renal function and we have focused upon the normal physiology of the kidney and on the mechanisms and regulation of the renal transport of taurine. This review is a distinct change of emphasis in that we describe a number of studies which have evaluated various aspects of renal dysfunction, including hypertension and proteinuria, specific glomerular and tubular disorders, acute and chronic renal conditions, urinary tract conditions including infection and nephrolithiasis, and diabetic nephropathy. The subject of chronic kidney disease and renal transpl...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Effects of maternal captopril treatment during late pregnancy on neonatal lung development in rats.
Authors: Capelari DN, Sánchez SI, Ortega HH, Ciuffo GM, Fuentes LB Abstract The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we examined the effects of maternal exposure to captopril (2.85mg/kg/day) during late pregnancy (G13-G21) on postnatal rat lung development. Treatment with captopril during late pregnancy caused a significant decrease in ACE activity in P0 rats. Body weight decreased at P0 (p<0.001), P8 and P15 (p<0.01) in captopril-treated rats. Lung weight of P0 and P8 pups was lower in treated-animals (p<0.05). Lungs from captopril-treated animals showed impaired alveolar formation, with enlarged distal airway spaces at P8, P15 and P30. Interalveolar wall distance measured by mean linea...
Hypertension in pregnancy
Abstract: Hypertension is a common complication of pregnancy and remains a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertensive disorders range from mild gestational hypertension to severe pre-eclampsia which remains one of the leading causes of maternal death in the UK. Although there have been major advances in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease in recent years, interventions to prevent hypertensive disorders in pregnancy have had disappointing results. Due to their unpredictable nature and potential poor outcomes, patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy warrant cautious care with consultant obstetric, neonatal and anaesthetic involvement to optimize both maternal and fetal outcomes. (Source: Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductiv...
Maternal deaths at a public maternity Hospital in Fortaleza: an epidemiological study
The objectives of this study were to analyze the maternal deaths, which occurred in a public maternity hospital in Fortaleza, Ceara State, Brazil and identify associations between time of death and the cases. An analysis was performed on the medical records, death certificates and notification forms regarding 96 maternal deaths that occurred between 2000 and 2008. The most prevalent delivery type was cesarean section (45, 46.8%) and the most prevalent causes of death were: hypertensive syndrome (27, 28.1%), infection (17, 17.7%) and hemorrhage (16, 16.7%). There was a statistically significant association between: cesarean section, hypertension syndrome and infection (x²=14.40, p=0.00; x²=4.02, p=0.04); deaths in the postpartum period and hypertensive syndrome (x²=6.13, p=0.01) and infe...
Leisure and mental health in people with hypertension: convergence in health education
The objective of this study was to promote health education to a group of hypertensive patients, through research-action, based on critical-social pedagogy, and taking into consideration the participants' perception of leisure. Educational activities were conducted and, following, an evaluation was performed regarding the subjects' opinion about the impact of leisure on their lives and mental health. The group perceived leisure as a coping strategy for loneliness and also as a late development of independence; it was also regarded as a means of socialization and as a promotion of mental health. These perceptions revealed two themes: aging, leisure, and chronic disease; and knowledge and leisure experiences. Educational actions, such as group dynamics and discussions, were planned consideri...
Cardiovascular risk among health professionals working in pre-hospital care services
Avaliar os fatores de risco cardiovascular, com ênfase na hipertensão, e estratificá-los de acordo com o Escore de Risco de Framingham (ERF). Estudo com 154 profissionais que atuavam em aten-dimento pré-hospitalar na cidade de São Paulo e rodovia Br-116. Foi considerado significante o valor de p<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
The use of validated questionnaires to measure adherence to arterial hypertension treatments: an integrative review
The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific production in collective health regarding which validated questionnaires are being used to evaluate adherence to hypertension treatments. This integrative review was performed on the SciELO, MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Nine studies were selected, which used seven questionnaires: Moriski-Green Test, Cuestionário de Valoración de Adherencia, Cuestionário MBG, Questionário QAM-Q, Haynes Test, Escala de Conductas em Salud, and Hill-Bone compliance Scale. We concluded that the evaluation of hypertension treatment adherence is still an field open of research, due to the fact that the different instruments used have limitations, and there is no ideal method yet identified.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar en la producción cie...
The Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Association with Use of Testosterone Products: A Cohort Study using the UK?based General Practice Research Database
CONCLUSIONS: Risks of prostate cancer and prostatism were similar in users of the two preparations, but risks were higher for hypertension and polycythemia in the injectable compared to the oral testosterone users. Risk of BPH was slightly higher in the oral users, but the difference was small and could have been due to bias.© 2012 The Authors. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society (Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology)
Uganda: Asthma Patients Getting Wrong Medication
[Observer] When the former national chairman of the Forum for Democratic Change Mr John Butime passed on late last month, newspaper reports pointed at complications that may have resulted from his asthma, diabetes and hypertension. (Source: AllAfrica News: Health and Medicine)
[Seminar] Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cause of death from cardiovascular disease after heart attack and stroke. Sequelae occurring after venous thromboembolism include chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and post-thrombotic syndrome. Venous thromboembolism and atherothrombosis share common risk factors and the common pathophysiological characteristics of inflammation, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury. Clinical probability assessment helps to identify patients with low clinical probability for whom the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism can be excluded solely with a negative result from a plasma D-dimer test. (Source: LANCET)
Recent Clinical Trials in Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertensive Patients
Abstract  Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant sustained cardiac arrhythmia, and Hypertension (HTN) is the most common cardiovascular disorder. AF is a major risk factor for strokes whether it is symptomatic or silent. Recent publications have shed light on the role of antihypertensive regiments in prevention of AF, while others have provided data on the efficacy and safety of novel antiarrhythmic drugs such as dronedarone and vernakalant. The older CHADS2 score and its more refined modern counterparts are well validated to determine stroke risk and guide antithrombotic therapy, but haemorrhagic risk has to be respected as well, and scores such as HAS-BLED should be widely used. Novel classes of anticoagulants that overcome many of the drawbacks...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Cardiac Arrest during Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient on an Angiotensin Receptor Antagonist
Abstract  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor antagonists (ARA) are effective and well-tolerated first-line drugs in the therapy of hypertension and, therefore, are frequently encountered in the perioperative setting. Hemodynamic compensation for volume depletion seen in the perioperative period is normally mediated by the renin?angiotensin system, which is blocked by ACEI/ARA. These drugs may contribute to severe hypotension during anesthesia induction and may have contributed to the cardiac arrest seen in this patient. Additional factors such as increased intra-abdominal pressures and respiratory obstructive episodes leading to diminished venous return, as well diuretic use and the fasting state, common in the perioperative orthopedi...
Comparison of accuracy of optic nerve ultrasound for the detection of intracranial hypertension in the setting of acutely fluctuating vs stable ICP: post-hoc analysis of data from a prospective, blinded single center study
IntroductionOptic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement with bedside ultrasound has been shown in many studies to accurately detect high intracranial pressure (ICP). The accuracy of point-in-time ONSD measurement in the presence of ongoing fluctuation of ICP between high and normal is not known. Recent laboratory investigation suggests that reversal of optic nerve sheath distension may be impaired following bouts of intracranial hypertension. Our objective was to compare the accuracy of ONSD measurement in the setting of fluctuating versus stable ICP. Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from prospective study comparing ONSD to invasive ICP. Patients with invasive ICP monitors in the ICU underwent ONSD measurement with simultaneous blinded recording of ICP from the invasive monitor. ...
PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and vardenafil, reverse multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of MRP7 (ABCC10) transporter
SummaryPhosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction and in improving the breathing efficiency in pulmonary hypertension. Recently, several groups have evaluated the ability of PDE5 inhibitors for their anticancer activities. Previously, we have shown that sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil could reverse P?glycoprotein (P?gp, ABCB1)?mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). In the present study, we determined whether these PDE5 inhibitors have the potential to reverse multidrug resistance protein 7 (MRP7, ABCC10)?mediated MDR. We found that sildenafil and vardenafil dose?dependently enhanced the sensitivity of MRP7?transfected HEK293 cells to paclitaxel, docetaxel and vinblastine, while tadalafil had only minimal effect. A...
Evolution of the Urinary Proteome during Human Renal Development and Maturation: Variations with Gestational and Postnatal Age.
Conclusions:Gestational and postnatal age must be considered when evaluating the utility of urinary biomarkers. PMID: 22580717 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Pediatric Research)
Therapeutic Hypercapnia Prevents Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonatal Rats by Limiting Macrophage-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor-?
Authors: Sewing AC, Kantores C, Ivanovska J, Lee AH, Masood A, Jain A, McNamara PJ, Tanswell AK, Jankov RP Abstract Bleomycin-induced lung injury is characterized in the neonatal rat by inflammation, arrested lung growth and pulmonary hypertension (PHT), as observed in human infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Inhalation of CO(2) (therapeutic hypercapnia) has been described to limit cytokine production and to have anti-inflammatory effects on the injured lung; we therefore hypothesized that therapeutic hypercapnia would prevent bleomycin-induced lung injury. Spontaneously-breathing rat pups were treated with bleomycin (1 mg/kg/d i.p.) or saline vehicle from postnatal days 1-14 while being continuously exposed to 5% CO(2) (PaCO(2) elevated by 15-20 mmHg), 7% CO(2) (PaCO(...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Osteopontin is an Endogenous Modulator of the Constitutively Activated Phenotype of Pulmonary Adventitial Fibroblasts in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension.
Authors: Anwar A, Li M, Frid MG, Kumar B, Gerasimovskaya EV, Riddle SR, McKeon BA, Thukaram R, Meyrick BO, Fini MA, Stenmark KR Abstract Increased cell proliferation and migration, of several cell types are key components of vascular remodeling observed in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our previous data demonstrate that adventitial fibroblasts isolated from pulmonary arteries of chronically hypoxic hypertensive calves (termed PH-Fibs) exhibit a "constitutively activated" phenotype characterized by high proliferative and migratory potential. Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to promote several cellular activities including growth and migration in cancer cells. We thus tested the hypothesis that elevated OPN expression confers the "activated" highly pro-proliferative and pro-migratory/...
Glc-6-PDH and PKG Contribute to Hypoxia-Induced Decrease in Contractile Phenotype Proteins and Pulmonary Artery Contraction.
Authors: Chettimada S, Rawat DK, Dey N, Kobelja R, Simms Z, Wolin MS, Lincoln TM, Gupte SA Abstract Persistent hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is an emerging clinical problem around the world. We recently showed that hypoxia-induced activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glc-6-PD) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle links metabolic changes within smooth muscle cells to HPV, and that inhibition of Glc-6PD reduces acute HPV. Here we demonstrate that exposing pulmonary arterial rings to hypoxia (20-30 torr) for 12 h in vitro, significantly (P<0.05) reduces (by 30-50%) SM22? and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) expression and evokes HPV. Glc-6-PD activity was also elevated i...
[Inflammation and arterial hypertension in rheumatic diseases].
Authors: Abstract The development of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, and chronic heart failure associated with autoimmune processes is underlain not only by classical risk factors but also by immuno-inflammatory pathogenetic mechanisms of these conditions. There are reports suggesting correlation between activity of rheumatic diseases, the character and progression of arterial hypertension, elevated blood levels of C-reactive protein and certain cytokines, e.g TNO-alpha. The present review discusses the currently available data on the relationship between AH and immune-mediated inflammation in patients with rheumatic diseases. PMID: 22567932 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Atherosclerosis)
[Pulse pressure monitoring in hypertensive black Africans].
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pulse pressure above 60 mmHg was higher in hypertensive black Africans. Their control was poor, but dual therapy with a diuretic was more effective. Myocardial consequences were significant. PMID: 22331268 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa)
Research shows telemonitoring helps control blood pressure
Patients receiving telemonitoring along with high blood pressure management support from a pharmacist were more likely to lower their blood pressure than those without the support, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Scientific Sessions 2012. read more (Source: Healthcare IT News)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Home Telemonitoring by Pharmacists Helps Control Patients' Blood Pressure
ATLANTA, May 10, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Patients receiving telemonitoring along with high blood pressure management support from a pharmacist were more likely to lower their blood pressure than those not receiving extra support, according to research presented at the American Heart Association's Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Scientific Sessions 2012. (Source: Medical News (via PRIMEZONE))
Drawing test 'predicts stroke death risk'
Conclusion This study suggests that the results of a relatively simple test given at age 70 could predict the likelihood of dying after a stroke. This particular study did not, however, assess whether or not the TMT-A or TMT-B could itself predict the likelihood of having a stroke, as some internet coverage has suggested. At present there are many risk factors that are used to identify individuals at an increased risk of having a stroke, including age, family history, ethnicity and medical history, as well as lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption and diet. This research suggests that the Trail Making Test may be useful for predicting the outcomes after a stroke, although this particular paper did not provide data on the test?s ability to predict who will have a...
Prognostic implications of renal dysfunction in patients hospitalized with heart failure: data from the last decade of clinical investigations
Abstract  Numerous studies over the last decade have demonstrated that renal dysfunction and worsening renal function (WRF) are common in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HHF) and appear to be associated with poor in-hospital and post-discharge outcomes. Unfortunately, its etiology has not been completely understood, and its prediction during hospitalization remains challenging. The evaluation of renal impairment during hospitalization should take into consideration the underlying renal substrate (e.g., predisposing clinical comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension), initiating mechanisms (e.g., in-hospital therapies such as diuretics), and amplifying factors (neurohormonal and hemodynamic profile changes). Various patterns of WRF may have different prognosti...
Basal and post-ischemic vascular compliance in children/adolescents born small for gestational age
Conclusions  These data show that the SGA group presented some early signs of arterial wall functional disorders. More pediatric data are needed for the evaluation by non-invasive techniques of vascular function in children?adolescents at risk of CVD. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00467-012-2168-yAuthors Mirella Strambi, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 36, 53100 Siena, ItalyGianluca Messa, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Science, University of Siena, Siena, ItalySilvia Berni, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 36, 53100 Siena, ItalySerena Capitani, Department of Physiopatholo...
Statins May Help Prevent Irregular Heartbeat in Elderly
Cholesterol-lowering drugs cut risk of atrial fibrillation in people with high blood pressure, early study found (Source: The Doctors Lounge - Cardiology)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Maternal serum visfatin at 11?13 weeks? gestation in preeclampsia
Maternal serum visfatin at 11–13 weeks’ gestation in preeclampsia Journal of Human Hypertension advance online publication, May 10, 2012. doi:10.1038/jhh.2012.10 Authors: A F A Ferreira, J C Rezende, R de Cassia C. Oliveira, R Akolekar & K H Nicolaides (Source: Journal of Human Hypertension)
Main Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm Described by Transthoracic Echocardiography in an Adult Without Pulmonary Stenosis or Pulmonary Hypertension
Aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery is a rare finding in adults. This case presents the finding of an asymptomatic 4.6-cm pulmonary artery aneurysm in a woman in her early 60s detected on routine transthoracic echocardiography. All pertinent data are presented, and the clinical significance of the pulmonary artery aneurysm is discussed. The case emphasizes the importance of following a complete and thorough echocardiographic examination protocol. A limited study is likely to miss significant incidental findings such as is reported here, particularly if it involves the right heart. (Source: Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography)
Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Obese Women with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A New Approach for Identifying New Candidates in the Pathogenesis of Obesity
In conclusion, we have identified potential candidates that could be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. Further studies aiming to investigating the precise role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of obesity and their potential therapeutic implications are needed. (Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology)
Development of a Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) Assay for High-Throughput Chemical Screening
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent signaling molecule that needs to be tightly regulated to maintain metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) pathway is central to this regulation. Specifically, the small-molecule ADMA competitively inhibits NOS, thus lowering NO levels. The majority of ADMA is physiologically metabolized by DDAH, thus maintaining NO levels at a physiological concentration. However, under pathophysiological conditions, DDAH activity is impaired, in part as a result of its sensitivity to oxidative stress. Therefore, the application of high-throughput chemical screening for the discovery of small molecules that could restore or enhance DDAH activity might have signif...
Calpain Inhibition Preserves Talin and Attenuates Right Heart Failure in Acute Pulmonary Hypertension.
Conclusions: Right heart failure from acute RV pressure overload is associated with reduced talin abundance and disrupted talin organization. Calpain inhibition preserves abundance and organization of talin and right ventricular function. Calpain inhibition might have clinical utility for treating acute cor pulmonale. PMID: 22582173 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Am J Respir Cell Mol...)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Prevalence and Early Detection of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.
Conclusion: The frequency of AAA is significantly higher in patients with PEXS and PEXG than in patients with POAG or cataract. Restricted screening for AAA in male PEXS patients, who also have elevated degrees of angle pigmentation, arterial hypertension, and DM, is clinically warranted. PMID: 22574663 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Current Eye Research)
Subclinical Cardiac Abnormalities and Kidney Function Decline: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical abnormalities in cardiac structure are associated with longitudinal kidney function decline independent of diabetes and hypertension. Future studies should examine mechanisms to explain these associations. PMID: 22580783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN)
Physical Activity Limitation as Measured by Accelerometry in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS:Sedentary time is increased in PAH and may lead to increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity. Quantitation of daily activity and sedentary time using accelerometry may be a novel endpoint for PAH management and clinical trials. PMID: 22576635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Chest)
Chronic Disease Tops Infection as Global Issue
(MedPage Today) -- An increasing number of people in low- to middle-income countries are now dealing with hypertension and arthritis, according to a new global report. (Source: MedPage Today Public Health)
How to Control High Blood Pressure that Can Lead to Incontinence
May is National High Blood Pressure Education Month, as recognized by the National Institutes of Health. Physician assistant Dianna Malkowski of The CareGiver Partnership explains the relationship...(PRWeb May 09, 2012)Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2012/5/prweb9487246.htm (Source: PRWeb: Medical Pharmaceuticals)<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Sex Difference in Cardiovascular Risk: Role of Pulse Pressure Amplification
Conclusions: PP amplification is highly predictive of differences in CV risk between men and women. In post-menopausal women, the attenuation of PP amplification, mainly related to increased aortic stiffness, contributes to the significant increase in CV risk. (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology)
Does Slow and Steady Win the Race??
Heart rate is 1 of the 4 vital signs that have provided a basis for making medical decisions for centuries (). In recent years, we have learned that heart rate is also a powerful predictor of outcomes in unselected populations, patients with hypertension (), and coronary artery disease, among other conditions (). In patients with systolic heart failure (HF), higher heart rate at baseline and lower reduction of heart rate from baseline to follow-up in response to beta blockade are strong predictors of worse outcomes (). (Source: Journal of the American College of Cardiology)
Namibia: Pre-Term Births Are Preventable - WHO
[New Era] Windhoek - Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, genetics, as well as pregnancies spaced too closely together are all factors that contribute to pre-term births. (Source: AllAfrica News: Pregnancy and Childbirth)
The influence of clinical evidence on surgical practice
AbstractGiven the considerable interest in the use of evidence?based medicine to guide clinical practice, it is surprising that the results of a recent randomized controlled trial have been met with such a limited response. The DECompressive CRAniectomy study investigators have recently published the results of a landmark trial in neurosurgery, comparing early decompressive craniectomy with standard medical therapy in patients who developed intracranial hypertension after diffuse closed traumatic brain injury (TBI). This is the first ever randomized controlled trial investigating the surgical management of adult patients with severe TBI. The trial clearly demonstrated that early decompression did not provide clinical benefit; however, rather than having a significant impact on clinical p...
Combined measurements of serum bile acid level and splenic volume may be useful to noninvasively assess portal venous pressure
Conclusions  Combined measurements of the serum bile acid level and splenic volume may be useful to noninvasively assess the PVP prior to further invasive procedures. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original Article?Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary TractPages 1-6DOI 10.1007/s00535-012-0599-7Authors Hiromitsu Hayashi, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 JapanToru Beppu, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 JapanHirohisa Okabe, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 JapanHidetoshi Nitt...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Microalbuminuria as Surrogate Endpoint in Therapeutic Trials
Abstract  A surrogate endpoint is a measure of the effect of a certain treatment that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but does not necessarily have a guaranteed relationship. The concept is particularly useful in cardiovascular and renal disease. We review evidence regarding microalbuminuria as one potential surrogate endpoint. In diabetes, hypertension and high cardiovascular risk, recent studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of significant changes in urinary albumin excretion for cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The most appropriate timing with which to repeat microalbuminuria and whether or not changes should be targeted during the antihypertensive treatment remain unanswered. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory The Therapeutic Trials (G Mancia...
A Randomized Trial of Peer Coach and Office Staff Support to Reduce Coronary Heart Disease Risk in African-Americans with Uncontrolled Hypertension
CONCLUSIONS  Peer patient and office-based behavioral support for African-American patients with uncontrolled hypertension did not result in a significantly greater reduction in coronary heart disease risk but did significantly reduce systolic blood pressure. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ResearchPages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s11606-012-2095-4Authors Barbara J. Turner, ReACH Center and Department of Medicine and Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio and University Health System, 7410 John Smith Road, Suite 1050, San Antonio, TX 78229, USAChristopher S. Hollenbeak, Departments of Surgery and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USAYuanyuan Liang, ReACH Center and D...
Polycystin-1 regulates amphiregulin expression through CREB and AP1 signalling: implications in ADPKD cell proliferation
Abstract  In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), renal cyst development and enlargement, as well as cell growth, are associated with alterations in several pathways, including cAMP and activator protein 1 (AP1) signalling. However, the precise mechanism by which these molecules stimulate cell proliferation is not yet fully understood. We now show by microarray analysis, luciferase assay, mutagenesis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation that CREB and AP1 contribute to increased expression of the amphiregulin gene, which codifies for an epidermal growth factor-like peptide, in ADPKD cystic cells, thereby promoting their cell growth. Increased amphiregulin (AR) expression was associated with abnormal cell proliferation in both PKD1-depleted and -mutated epithel...
On age-specific variations in income-related inequalities in diabetes, hypertension and obesity
Conclusions  The results suggest that variations in age-specific inequalities are unlikely to be a purely artificial result of health-related selection into retirement or mortality. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 1-9DOI 10.1007/s00038-012-0368-7Authors Martin Siegel, Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, GermanyMarkus Luengen, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, GermanyStephanie Stock, Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Journal International Journal of Public HealthOnline ISSN 1661-8564Print ISSN 1661-8556 (Source: International Journal of Public Health)
Burden of stroke in the Philippines
Based on disability?adjusted life?years, stroke is the second leading cause of death and among the top five diseases with the greatest burden. Although two community?based studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of stroke in the Philippines, the incidence has not been nationally recorded to date. The prevalence ranged from 1·9% to 6·59%, and ?Wiihabilitation?, a rehabilitation stroke therapy, is widely practiced. A clinical trial for stroke rehabilitation using the Chinese Medicine NeuroAid®, which consists of several herbs, is ongoing in many hospitals across the Philippines. Due to their ready availability, phytomedicines are widely used, especially in the rural areas, for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia, which are p...<div id="medworm"><p><b><i>MedWorm Sponsor Message:</i></b> Have a look at <a href="http://www.thecardiologydaily.com/">The Cardiology Daily</a>, the new MedWorm portal for cardiologists, updated daily with all the latest cardiology news and research.</p></div>
Activation of JNK/c-Jun is required for the proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis induced by EET in pulmonary artery endothelial cells [Research Articles]
Pulmonary artery endothelial plexiform lesion is responsible for pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR), a basic pathological change of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent evidence suggests that epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), which is derived from arachidonic acid by cytochrome p450 (CYP) epoxygenase, has an essential role in PAH. However, until now, most research has focused on pulmonary vasoconstriction; it is unclear whether EET produces mitogenic and angiogenic effects in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). Here we found that 500 nM/l 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET markedly augmented JNK and c-Jun activation in PAECs and that the activation of c-Jun was mediated by JNK, but not the ERK or p38 MPAK pathway. Moreover, treatment with 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET pro...
The Impact of Lipoic Acid on Endothelial Function and Proteinuria in Quinapril-Treated Diabetic Patients With Stage I Hypertension: Results From the QUALITY Study
Conclusions: In diabetic patients with hypertension, QUI reduces blood pressure, proteinuria, and improves endothelial function. Moreover, this effect is strongly potentiated with a combination of QUI and ALA. These results may attenuate the progression of vascular pathophysiology seen in patients with a combination of diabetes and hypertension. (Source: Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics)
Cardiovascular Biology: Escaped DNA inflames the heart
Authors: Klitos Konstantinidis & Richard N. Kitsis High blood pressure can damage heart muscle cells and their mitochondrial organelles. DNA from degraded mitochondria has been shown to trigger inflammation leading to heart failure. See Letter p.251 (Source: Nature)
The Association of Oxidative Stress with Hypertensive Retinopathy.
This study was designed to answer the following questions: (i) Do levels of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of oxidative stress, change in hypertensive retinopathy (HR)? (ii) Is there any relation between degree of HR and GGT levels? This study included 80 hypertensive patients with HR. Group 1 comprised 40 patients with grade I HR, and group 2 comprised 40 patients with grade II HR. We selected 40 healthy subjects for the control group. Level of GGT in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 (P = 0.005) and control group (P = 0.001); it was also higher in group 1 than in control group (P = 0.025). Our study suggests that oxidative stress, mechanisms known to be involved in vascular lesions, may promote the development of HR. PMID: 22571627 [PubMed - as suppli...

factors for hypertension can be controlled effectively by your lifestyle choices. For example, excess weight and lack of exercise can lead to high blood pressure. So can tobacco use, excess alcohol consumption and chronic stress. By making good lifestyle choices that avoid as many of these risk factors as possible, you can do much to reduce your chances of developing dangerous hypertension. You may also have a higher risk of developing hypertension at some time in your life if you have a family history of this condition.

High Blood Pressure Treatments

The proper treatment of hypertension is important, even if you are not feeling bad. Since high blood pressure can increase your risk of other serious health problems, controlling your blood pressure is an important step to a healthier you. Lifestyle changes and medication is often the first step in controlling hypertension, and there are many prescription drugs that your doctor can prescribe to find the one that works the best for you.

In addition to medication, lifestyle changes are an effective way to keep your blood pressure under control. A healthy diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits and vegetables is a good first step, coupled with thirty minutes of daily physical activity that will keep your cardiovascular system strong and healthy. These two steps will also help you to maintain a healthy weight, which is another positive step in controlling blood pressure. Quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake and learning to manage your stress effectively are other good choices for lower blood pressure. Getting serious about your health is an important step in keeping your hypertension under control and enjoying a healthier lifestyle overall.

Also there are many natural ways to help lower your blood pressure without the use of drugs.

Hypertension & High Blood Pressure Articles..

What is Gestational Hypertension
By Nurse Nancy
Pregnancy is one of the most beautiful and at the same time most complicated phases in a woman's life. Some lucky few breeze through it as of nothing happened Read more...

Hypertension: The Hypertension Diet
By Nurse Nancy
As much as twenty five percent of Americans have hypertension and do not realize it, because high blood pressure produces no symptoms. Your blood pressure is Read more...